高考英语复习倒装结构全面讲解

倒装结构InversionSallyNov.2010一.基本概念和形式•1.英语句子一般排列语序为“主语+谓语”，这叫陈述语序。如果排列语序变为“谓语或者谓语的一部分+主语”，就成了倒装语序。•2.英语倒装句可分为以下两种：•①全部倒装——整个谓语移至主语前面。•②部分倒装——只把助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语前面。二.全部倒装（谓语全部放在主语之前）此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时•1.方位词in,out,there,here,inside,outside,up,down,away,off,downstairs,upstairs等以及now,then放在句首时，谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run等，句子要全部倒装。•例句：①Theregoesthebell!•②Nowcomesyourturn.•注意：如果主语为人称代词，仍用自然语序，例如：•Therehecomes!Hereyouare!•2.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，用全部倒装。例句：①“What’sup,Tom?”askedMother.②“Thecarismine,”saidTom.•注意：主语是人称代词时，仍然用陈述语序。例句：“Thecarismine,”hesaid.•3.地点状语在句首，或者表语前置到句首，句子用全部倒装。例句：①Onthebedlayasickoldman.②Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedaboutseventeen.③Gonearethedayswhenweareenslaved.三.部分倒装把助动词，连系动词或情态动词放在主之前•1.用于省略if的虚拟条件从句中，should/were/had被放在句首。例句：•①Shouldyouchangeyourmind,letusknow.•②Weresheyou,shewouldtellherparentsthetruth.•③HadInotadoptedmyclassteacher’sadvice,Iwouldhavemadesuchaseriousmistake.•2.由so引起的，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人（或物）的句子。例句：Heplaysthepianoquitewell,sodoesmysister.•3.由neither或nor引起的，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人（或物）的句子•--Iwon’tdosuchathing.–Neither/NorwillI.•--Ihaven’tdonemyhomework.–Neither/NorhaveI.•4.含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如hardly,rarely,seldom,scarcely,barely,never,not,not…until,few,little,neither,nor,notonly…innocase,bynomeans,nosooner…than,manyatime,often等。例句：①Notuntilthe19thcenturywasthewrittenexaminationprobablyknown.•②HardlyhadIreachedthebusstopwhenthebusstarted.•③Nosoonerhadhearrivedtherethanhefellill.注意：这些否定词副词修饰或连接主语时，主谓不倒装，仍然用陈述语序。例如：•①Hardlyanyonebelievethattoday.•②NotonlyyoubutalsoshehasbeentoBeijing.•③NeitherthegirlsnorJohnistoblame.•5.only+状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）放在句首时。例句：①OnlythendidIrealizethevalueofreadingaloudeverymorning.②OnlyafterhecamebackwasIabletoseehim.注意：only修饰主语时仍然用陈述语序。Onlyunitycansaveourcountry.6.当so（或such）…that…结构中的so或such用于句首时。•①Sofrightenedwassheinthedarknessthatshedidn’tdaretomoveatall.•②Suchalovelychildishethatallofuslovehim.•③Sohurriedlydidsheleavethatsheforgottoswitchoffthelights.•7.用于形容词（名词/动词）+as/though的让步状语从句中。（特殊倒装）例句：①Oldasmyfatheris,hekeepsupwithhisstudy②Tryashemay,hewillnevermakeit.③Youngthoughthechildis,hecangotoschoolallbyhimself.四.倒装的功能和作用了解即可，重点还是把握考点！！可以用在英语作文中，增加作文亮点！•1.表示强调：这也是倒装结构最突出、最常见的作用。请看例子：•①Onlyinthiswaycanyousolveyourproblem.(强调方式状语）•②Sounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled.（强调表语）•2.承上启下：有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。例如：•①Wereallyshouldnotresentbeingcalledpaupers.Paupersweare,andpaupersweshallremain.(表语前置）•②Theybrokeintoheruncle‘sbedroomandfoundthemanlyingonthefloor,dead.Aroundhisheadwasabrownsnake.（表语前置）•3.平衡结构：•①Hereistheletteryouhavebeenlookingforwardto.•②Onthegroundlaysomeairconditioners,whicharetobeshippedtosomeothercities.Thanksforwatching!