英语必修一Unit4单词讲解[1]

Unit4Earthquakes要点梳理高效梳理·知识备考●重点单词1．burstvi.爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂，爆发2．eventn．事件；大事3．nationn．民族；国家；国民→nationaladj.国家的，民族的→nationalityn．国籍4．ruinn．废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产5．sufferingn．苦难；痛苦→sufferv．受苦，遭受6．extremeadj.极度的→extremelyadv.7．injurevt.损害；伤害→injuredadj.受伤的→injuryn．伤害，损害8．destroyvt.破坏；毁坏；消灭9．uselessadj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful(反义词)→usev.&n．使用，利用10．shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n．休克；打击；震惊11．rescuen.&vt.援救；营救12．trapvt.使陷入困境n．陷阱；困境13．electricityn．电；电流；电学→electricadj.用电的；带电的；发电的→electricaladj.与电有关的；电学的14．disastern．灾难；灾祸15．buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏16．sheltern．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处17．damagen.&vt.损失；损害18．frightenvt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightenedadj.受惊的,受恐吓的→frighteningadj.令人恐惧的19．judgen．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决→judgementn．判断，判决20．expressvt.表示；表达n.快车；速递→expressionn．表达→expressiveadj.有表现力的●重点短语1．rightaway立刻2．atanend结束3．inruins成为废墟4．digout掘出；发现5．a(great)numberof许多；大量的6．giveout分发；发出(气味、热等)7．thousandsof成千上万8．thinklittleof不重视；不假思索9．blowaway吹走；刮走10．beproudof以……而自豪11．insteadof代替12．betrappedin陷入……之中13．beknownfor/as因为/作为……出名14．bringin引进；引来•1.earthquaken.地震•Eg:ItisreportedthatanearthquakebrokeoutlastnightinSoutheastAsia.•2.rightaway立刻；马上•同义词：rightnow=atonce=innotime=immediately•rightnow“立即，马上；此时此刻”，相当于now1．______heisdoinganoperationonthepatient;pleasedon’tdisturbhim.A．RightawayB．RightnowC．InnotimeD．Atonce答案：B解析：四个短语都有“立即，马上”之意，但rightnow还有“现在，此时此刻”之意。句意为：他目前正在给病人做手术，请不要打扰他。[即学即练7](1)Iwantittobesent____________.马上把它发出去。(2)Hecleanedtheroom____________.他立即开始打扫房间。(3)He’snotintheoffice____________.他现在不在办公室。rightawayrightawayrightnow•3.well•①n.井•Eg:Abookisawellofknowledge.•Theydugawell.•②adj.健康的•Eg:Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.•③adv.熟练地，有效地•Eg:Heplaysthepianoverywellforhisage.•4.smellyadj.有臭味的，发臭的•Eg:Hissocksaresmelly.•拓展：•blood─bloodycloud─cloudy•rain─rainygreed─greedy•词根：smell可用作系动词或实义动词，用作系动词时，意为“闻起来”；用作实义动词时意为“闻”•Eg:Youmaysmellthemixtureanditsmellsterrible.smelly:smell+y=adj.smelln./v(smelt/smelled)2.Theywereallhungryandthefood______good.3.Ican______somethingburninginthekitchen.4.Pleasethrowthe_______fishaway.smeltsmellsmelly1.A______gascame_____thecracks.smellyoutofblood+-y=bloodyrain+-y=rainycloud+-y=cloudywind+-y=windysnow+-y=snowygreed+-y=greedydream+-y=dreamytaste+-y=tastyice+-y=icyfat+-y=fattymud+-y=muddysun+-y=sunnyfog+-y=foggy流血的多云的下雪的幻想的冷漠的，冰的泥泞的肥胖的下雨的多风的贪婪的美味的阳光灿烂的有雾的•5.burst•①v.（使）爆裂；（使）破裂；（使）爆炸•Eg:Youaregoingtobursttheballoonifyouarenotcareful.•Theballoonsuddenlyburst.•②v.猛冲；突然出现•Eg:Heburstintotheroomwithoutknocking.•burstinto+n.=burstoutdoingsth.突然……起来•eg:burstintolaughter=burstoutlaughingeg:她突然笑起来。Sheburstoutlaughing.Sheburstinto.他突然大哭起来。Heburstoutcrying.Heburstinto.n.突然爆裂，爆发短语：aburstof…一阵…eg:一阵笑声laughtertearsaburstoflaughter勃然大怒aburstofangerburstintoburstwith闯入充满1．(2010·四川绵阳中学)Whenaboywithdirtyspotsonthefacecamein,peoplepresentallburst______laughingwhileheburst______tears.A．into;inB．into;outC．out;intoD．out;in答案：C解析：考查固定搭配。句意：当一个满脸脏兮兮的男孩进来时，在场的人都笑起来，而他却哭起来。burstoutlaughing表示“突然大笑起来”，burstintotears表示“突然大哭起来”，都是固定搭配。6..atanend结束，终结eg:炎热的天气终于结束了。Thehotdaysareatanendatlast.Thehotdayscometoanendatlast.beatanend=cometoanend结束短语：putanendto…=bring…toanend使…结束eg:他们应该结束战争。Theyshouldputanendtothewar.Theyshouldbringthewartoanend.辨析：atanend,intheend,attheendof,bytheendof…………6.Itseemedasiftheworldwas________.atanendattheendof“在…末端，终点，结尾”表时间bytheendof用于表示时间，“到……结束的时候”，时态用完成时;intheend=atlast=finally意思“最后、终于”。Compare:beattheendof=cometoanendbytheendofintheend1).atanend:表示“终结，结束”，与be动词连用。eg:战争结束了。Thewarwasatanend.=Thewarcametoanend.2).intheend:表示“最终，终于”，单独使用作状语。eg:最终他们放弃了那项计划。Theygaveuptheplanintheend.(atlast)3).attheendof:表示“在…的尽头/末尾”eg:今年年底，我父亲要回家。Myfatherwillcomehomeattheendofthisyear.Heisattheendofhispatience.他已经忍耐到极限了。[即学即练8](1)Theyearis__________________.这一年已到年终了。(2)Themeeting________________________.会议结束了。(3)Gostraightandyou’llfindthehospital________________________theroad.一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。atanendcametoanendattheendof1).Hisfatherwillreturnhome___________thisyear.2).Hewillbeascientist__________.3).HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearned____________lastterm?attheendofintheendbytheendofasif好像；似乎；仿佛。Shewassittingthereasifnothinghadhappened.7.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayin_____.ruinsinruins:废墟Compare:ruin;destroy;damage•拓展：•beinruins呈一片废墟bringsthtoruin使某物毁灭bringsbtoruin使某人破产①damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与tosomething连用。Theaccidentdidalotofdamagetohiscar.②destroy只能用作动词,指彻底破坏,以致不可能修复,常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解,也可以指希望、计划等打破。Theearthquakedestroyedthewholetown.injurehurtwoundharm指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的丧失，常指事故中的伤害普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上，感情上的伤害指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，尤指战场上所受的伤一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康，权利，事业等Abulletinjuredhislefteye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。Idon’twanttohurtyou.我不想伤害你。Thesoldierwaswoundedbadly.这位士兵严重受伤。Smokingseriouslyharmedhishealth.吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。[应用2](1)Therobber___________himwithaknife.那强盗用刀刺伤了他。(2)Thesecriticismshave___________hispridedeeply.这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害。(3)Twopeoplehavebeenbadly______intheaccident.有两个人在这次事故中严重受伤了。(4)Don't______youreyesbyreadingindimlight.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损伤眼睛。woundedhurt/injuredinjuredharmTheirjokes_________himdeeply.Smokingwill________hishealth.Hewasslightly________inthecaraccident.Hegot___