英语语法主语补足语和宾语补足语课件-共22页

ThecomplementDefiningthecomplement补语（complement）是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补语（subjectcomplement），补足宾语意义的句子成分叫宾语补语（objectcomplement）。theclassifyofthecomplement定语分前置定语和后置定语一般修饰一个名词。定语的一般表现形式是形容词或词组或短语。判断的标准主要是看它在句子中的位置和修饰的句子的哪个成分。如：IsawaniceTVset.这里nice修饰TVset，那它就是定语补语的全称叫宾语补足语，补语一般是对事物的补充说明分宾语补足语表语补足语也就是说一定要有宾语，判断的标准主要是看它在句子中的位置和修饰的句子的哪个成分。如：IthinktheTVsetverynice.这里面nice就是TVset的补语，Forexample:a.IaminNaning.这里的inNajing是主语补语。b.IliveinNajing.这里的inNajing是一个副词。a.Heisherhusband.这里的herhusband是补语。b.Shelovesherhusband.这里的herhusband是宾语。1.形容词用作主语时常置于主语之前，后有逗号。如：（1）Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.我又累又困，就去睡了。（2）Steadyandpunctual,hestartedwritingandleftoffatthesamehourseachday.他持续而准时，每天皆按时开始和停止写作。有时亦可置于主语之后，前后皆有逗号，与非限定性定语相识。如：（3）Theman,cruelbeyondbelief,didn'tlistentotheirpleadings.那人不可置信的残酷，不听取他们的恳求。（4）Chen,only1.3meterstall,wonherthirdgoldwhenshetriumphedintheindividualfloorexercises.陈只有1.3米高，却在个人自由体操中获得成功而第三次夺得金牌。主语补语亦常置于谓语动词之后，全局形成“主+谓+主补”结构。如：Maggiegapedround-eyed.玛吉目瞪口呆。Areyouillallright?Youactstrange.你病了吗？你有点异乎寻常呀。主语补语在被动句中应放在被动语态之后。如：Hewasfounddead.他被发现死了。（在主动句中dead是宾语补语）主语补语亦可放在宾语之后，全句形成“主+谓+宾+主补”结构。如：Hegotoffthebenchverynervous.他很不安的从长凳上下来。Shegazedathimspeechlessforamoment.她无言凝视了他一会。上诉谓语和谓语之后的主语补语之前皆不用逗号。但如与主语的关系比较松散，主语补语之前亦可用逗号。如：Hergazetravelledround,irresolute.她犹豫不决，向四周凝视。大部分是形容词作主语补语，但除此外，还有名词，数词，不定时，分词，介词短语，从句等。如：HewascalledOliverBarret.他叫奥利夫.巴雷特。（名词用作主语补语）Hewasseentogoupstairs.有人看见他上楼了。（不定时短语作主语补语）Startingasastreetvender,heisnowgeneralmangerofatradingcorporationinbeijing.他原来是一个街道摊贩，现在则是北京一家贸易公司的总经理。（现在分词短语作主语补语）Hecamehomequitechanged.他回到家时已完全变了。（过去分词）、Hecamehomeoutofhumour.他回到家时很不高兴。（介词短语作主语补语）有时用作主语补语的名词，代词，形容词，分词等之前加上介词as，意义不变。Asatruefriendhestoodbymetotheend.作为我的真挚朋友，他助我一直到底。Heisamodelworkerandheisrespectedassuch.他是一位模范工作者，并因此受到尊重。Evenasayoungboy,hewasregardedasverypromising.他早在少年时代已被认为将大有作为。Thesuccessfulenterprisewillgodowninlocalhistoryasrepesentingthebestthatourtowncando.这项企业将以本市的楷模而永垂于本市的历史。作用：对宾语（的状态，特征，动作）进行补充说明Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.Theboyfellasleepwiththelightson.TheymadeMikecaptain.Whenshegotoffthebus,thegirlfoundherpocketpicked.Wethinkitnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.Theypaintedthewallwhite.1.Shefoundhimaverycleverboy.名词做宾补Hehadastangewayofmakinghisclasslivelyandinteresting.形容词做宾补LastSundayIsawyououtwithyoursister.副词做宾补Tohersurprise,shefoundherselfinadifferentworld.介词短语做宾补IsawhimdoinghishomeworkwhenIpassedhiswindow.现在分词Iwasabsent-mindedwhenIheardmynamecalled.过去分词常见的宾补形式Thevillagersdidnotallowthemtobuildafactorythere.不定式做宾补省略to的不定式Wesawthecarstop.Imadehimchangehismind被动语态:Thecarwasseentostop.Hewasmadetochangehismind.感官动词:seewatchnoticelookatobservefeelhearlistento使役动词:makelethave一感二听三让四观看一感：feel二听：hear,listento三让：let,have,make四观看：observe,see,watch,lookat注意:it做形式宾语结构：主+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语Ifounditpleasanttobewithyourfamily.Wethinkitoutdutythatweshouldhelpthepoor.Choosethebestanswers.Don’tleavethewater_____whileyoubrushyourteeth.(天津2019)A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torunTheteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.(北京2019)A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeAnarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered_______clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.(上海2019)A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissuedThemaidiscomingtoday.We’llhaveher____thewindows.A,washedB,towashingC,towashD,washWefoundmanyoldpeople___atthebackofthehouse,smokingandtalking.A,satB,sitC,seatD,seatedEsitting•卫兵命令我们立即离开。•痛苦使得他叫喊起来。•我从来没看见这个字这样用过•我想乘船去那里更舒服些。•我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。•Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.•Thepainmadehimcryout.•Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore.•Ithinkitmorecomfortabletogotherebyship.•Ithoughtitnousetalkingwiththatman.thankyou