Optimization-of-electric-vehicle-charging-station-

OptimizationofElectricVehicleChargingStationLocationBasedonGameTheoryWangMengSchoolofTrafficandTransportationBeijingJiaotongUniversityBeijing,Chinae-mail:[e-mail]andTransportationBeijingJiaotongUniversityBeijing,Chinae-mail:[e-mail]—Theindustrializationprocessofelectricvehiclesdependslargelyonareasonablesolutionofbatterycharging.Therearehugesearchspacesandmultipleobjectivesforthelocationoptimizationofchargingstation,andmanyfactorsaredifficulttobequantified.Inthispaper,onthebasisofanalyzingthetraditionalsiteselectionevaluationmethod,gametheoryisproposedtooptimizetheelectricvehiclechargingstationlocation.Theoptimizationgamemodelisbuiltanditsalgorithmstepsaregiven.Theresultsindicatethatthisoptimizationmethodbasedongametheorycanmakechargingstationlocationmorerationalandscientific.Keywords-electricvehicle;chargingstationlocation;optimization;gametheoryI.INTRODUCTIONInthebackgroundoflow-carboneconomy,electricvehiclehasbecomethefuturedirectionoftheautomobile.Withstronggovernmentsupport,Chinahasbecomefertilesoilforthedevelopmentofnewenergyvehicles.Since2009,13citiesofChinahavestartedleadthewaytopopularizetheenergy-savingandnewenergyvehicle,andtheadvancementoftheelectricvehicletechnologyisverygreatinchina[1].However,theindustrializationprocessofelectricvehiclesdependslargelyonareasonablesolutionofbatterycharging[2][3][4].Inadditiontotheelectricvehiclechargingtechnology,theconstructionofrelatedfacilitiesmustbeconsideredinadvance.Developmentofelectricvehiclesandconstructionofchargingstationformtheso-calledbilateralnetworkofmarketineconomics.Theelectricvehicle’spopularizationdependsonwhetherchargingstationhaslargescale,whilethelarge-scaleconstructionofchargingstationdependsonenoughelectricvehicleconsumersonmarket.Twofactorsareessentialbeforethewholemarketismature.Automobilecompaniescannotstartpushtheelectricvehicletomarketuntilthechargingstationhasbeenbuilt.Thetwopartsshouldgoaheadinhand.Forthechargingstations’construction,locationproblemshouldbesolvedfirstly[5][6][7].Onlyappropriatestationlocationcanbringuserconvenienceandattractmoreuserstobuyelectricvehicles,atthesametimeimprovebenefitofthechargingstation.Itisalsoimportantfortheinvestmentininfrastructure,chargingstation’squality,safetyandeconomy.In2010,thegovernmentofChinaproposedpromotingthechargingstationconstructionat27provincesorcities.Soit’surgentlyneededtoresearchthechargingstationlocationproblemofelectricvehicle.II.CHARGINGSTATIONLOCATIONPROBLEMDESCRIPTIONHowtochoosethestationlocationshouldconsidermanyfactors,suchasgovernmentplanning,viewsofsurroundingresidents,distributionofelectricvehiclesaround,landusesituation,trafficconditions,geographicalconditions,weatherconditions,fire-proofandexplosion-proofconditions,stationharmonicpollutionproblem,electricitynetworksituation,stationloadandchargingpattern,totalinvestmentandmanagementcosts,andsoon.Therearehugesearchspacesandmultipleobjectivesforthelocationoptimizationofchargingstation,andmanyfactorsaredifficulttobequantified.Traditionalmodelingmethodscannoteffectivelysolvethechargingstationlocationoptimizationproblem.Gametheoryisthemathematicalanalysisofanysituationinvolvingaconflictofinterest,withtheintentofindicatingtheoptimalchoicesthat,undergivenconditionswillleadtoadesiredoutcome.Sogametheoryisveryavailabletoresolvethechargingstationlocationproblem.BasedonNashequilibriumandcombiningmixedstrategyingametheory,thispaperbuildschargingstationlayoutoptimizationmodelandcarryoutinstanceanalysis.III.CHARGINGSTATIONLOCATIONOPTIMIZATIONMODELINGBYGAMETHEORYA.TheplayersTherearetoomanyfactorsinfluencingthestationlocation.Inordertogettheoptimallocationproject,themainfactorsgottenbyhierarchyanalysisandevaluationmethodareselectedastheplayerssetofthestationlocationgame.B.ThestrategyDecision-makersselectthefinalprojectfromalloptions.Sothoselocationprojectsshouldbethegame’sstrategysetS.InthestrategysetS,theeffectivestrategySiofeveryplayeriissetA,andalleffectivestrategiesmakeupthesetS.Supposetherearenmainfactorsofstationlocationprojectandmlocationavailableprojects,then{}maaaA,,,21=,),2,1(miASi==,{}mnijaaS×=)(.2011InternationalConferenceonTransportation,Mechanical,andElectricalEngineering(TMEE)December16-18,Changchun,China978-1-4577-1701-7/11/$26.00©2011IEEE809C.ThepayofffunctionsItisbyanalyzingeffectstrengthondifferentprojectscausedbyvariousfactorstodeterminethefinalproject.SotheplayerpayofffunctionushouldusetheeffectstrengthCofthefactorsoneveryproject.Payofffunctionuaccordswithplayer'srationaljudgments:playericorrespondingtodifferentlocationoptionsa,b,ifthemagnitudeofvaluebaCC≥,then)()(baCuCu≥.Differentfactorsandpayofffunctionsoflocationprojectmakeupthepayofffunctionset{}mniNicuuU×∈=)(.D.GamemodelingTheoptimizationofchargingstationlocationisanon-cooperativestaticcompletelyinformationgamemodel.StrategysetSmadeupofmprojects,nfactorsandpayofffunctionsetUcomposethegamemodel:{}USNG,,=,whereNisthemainfactorset,{}mniNiaaS×∈=)(isthestrategyset,{}mniNicuuU×∈=)(isthepayofffunctionset.IV.MODELSOLVINGBa