Nissan-Leaf

NissanLeafFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumpto:navigation,searchNissanLeafManufacturerNissanProduction2010–presentAssemblyJapan:Oppama,Tochigi,YokohamaUnitedKingdom:Sunderland(2013)UnitedStates:Smyrna,Tennessee(late2012)Bodystyle5-doorhatchbackLayoutFront-engine,front-wheeldrivePlatformNissanVplatformElectricmotor80kW(110hp),280N·m(210ft·lb)synchronousmotor[1]TransmissionSinglespeeddirectdrive[2]Battery24kW·hlithiumionbatteryRange117km(73mi)(EPA)175km(109mi)(NEDC)76to169km(47to105mi)(Nissan)Wheelbase2,700mm(106.3in)[2]Length4,445mm(175.0in)[2]Width1,770mm(69.7in)[2]Height1,550mm(61.0in)[2]Curbweight1,521kg(3,354lb)[3]TheNissanLeaf(alsoformattedLEAFasabackronymforLeading,Environmentallyfriendly,Affordable,Familycar[4])isafive-doorhatchbackelectriccarmanufacturedbyNissanandintroducedinJapanandtheUnitedStatesinDecember2010.[5][6][7]TheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyofficialrangeis117kilometres(73mi),withanenergyconsumptionof765kilojoulesperkilometre(34kW·h/100mi)andratedtheLeaf'scombinedfueleconomyat99milespergallongasolineequivalent(2.4L/100km).[8][9]TheLeafhasarangeof175km(109mi)ontheNewEuropeanDrivingCycle.[10]DeliveriestoindividualcustomersbeganintheUnitedStatesandJapaninDecember2010,inIrelandinFebruary2011andtheUKinMarch2011.AsofNovember2011theLeafdeliverieshadalsotakenplaceinCanada,France,Portugal,theNetherlands,Norway,SpainandSwitzerland.[11][12][13]SalesinBelgiumarescheduledforlate2011,Denmarkinearly2012,andglobalmarketavailabilityisexpectedfor2012.[14]AccordingtoNissaninitialavailabilityislimitedinquantitiesandtoselectmarkets.Theavailabilitywasincreasedthroughout2011;U.S.productionwillbeginin2012,andUKproductionisplannedfor2013.[15][16][17]SinceDecember2010morethan27,000LeafshavebeensoldworldwidebyApril2012.[18]ThetopsellingmarketsareJapan,with13,000units,theUnitedStates,withmorethan11,000units,andEuropewith3,000units,ledbyNorwaywithmorethan1,000Leafssold.[18][19]Theretailpriceofthe2011LeafinJapanstartsat¥3.76millionandUS$32,780intheUnitedStates;the2012LeafstartingpricehasincreasedtoUS$35,200intheUnitedStates,howeverthisincludestheQuickChargePortwhichwaspreviouslya$700optionandanewcoldweatherpackage.ThepriceintheUnitedKingdomisGB£30,990andaround€35,000intheotherEuropeancountrieswhereitwaslaunchedfirst.Thesepricesincludethepriceofthebatterypackage.MostcountrieshaveapplicabletaxincentivesorsubsidiesforeligiblebuyersthatreducetheeffectivecostofpurchasebelowtheretailpriceslistedbyNissan.[20][21][22][23]Asanall-electriccar,theNissanLeafproducesnotailpipepollutionorgreenhousegasemissionsatthepointofoperation,andreducesdependenceonpetroleum.[24][25]Amongotherawardsandrecognition,theNissanLeafwonthe2010GreenCarVisionAward,[26]the2011EuropeanCaroftheYear,[27]the2011WorldCaroftheYear,[28]andthe2011-2012CaroftheYearJapan.[29]Contents[hide]1Historyofdevelopment2Specificationso2.1Designo2.2Powertraino2.3Batteryo2.4Rangeo2.5Operatingcostso2.6Rechargingo2.7Technologyo2.8Safety3Production4Marketso4.1Canadao4.2Chinao4.3Europeo4.4Japano4.5UnitedStateso4.6Othercountries5Problemsreported6Relatedconceptcars7Reception8Seealso9References10Externallinks[edit]HistoryofdevelopmentTheNissanCube-derivedEV-01testcarwasNissan'sfirstprototypewiththeall-electricdrivetrainlaterusedintheLeaf.TheEV-12testcarwasbasedontheNissanTiida/Versa.Nissanintroduceditsfirstbatteryelectricvehicle,theNissanAltraattheLosAngelesInternationalAutoShowon29December1997.[30]TheAltraEVwasproducedbetween1998and2002,onlyabout200vehicleswereeverproduced,anditwasmainlyusedasafleetvehicleforcompaniessuchaselectricutilities.[31][32]NissanalsodevelopedtheNissanHypermini,ranademonstrationprogramandsoldlimitednumbersforgovernmentandcorporatefleetsinJapanbetween1999and2001.[33]AsmallfleetofHyperminiswasalsofieldtestedinseveralcitiesinCaliforniabetween2001and2005.[34]Unveiledin2009,theEV-11prototypeelectriccarwasbasedontheNissanTiida(VersainNorthAmerica),butwiththeconventionalgasolineenginereplacedwithanall-electricdrivetrain,andincludedan80kW(110hp)/280N·m(210lb·ft)electricmotor,24kW·hlithium-ionbatterypackratedtohavearangeof175kilometres(109mi)ontheUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sLA-4orcitydrivingcycle,navigationsystem,andremotecontrolandmonitoringviaacellphoneconnectionthroughNissan'ssecuredatacentertothecar.[35]ThetechnologyintheEV-11waspreviouslydevelopedandtestedintheEV-01andEV-02testcars,builtwithanall-electricpowertrainthatusedtheNissanCube(Z11)asadevelopmentmule.[36][37]TheEV-11prototypewasondisplayJuly26,2009.[35]Aweeklater,onAugust2,2009,NissanunveileditsproductionversionatitsYokohamaheadquartersandcommittedtobeginretailsalesinboththeNorthAmericanmarketandJapanatendof2010.[38][39][edit]Specifications[edit]DesignTheLeaf'sfrontalstyleischaracterizedbyasharpV-shapedesignwithlarge,upslantinglight-emittingdiode(LED)headlightsthatcreateadistinctiveblueinternalreflectivedesign.Theheadlightsalsosplitandredirectairflowawayfromthedoormirrors,whichreduceswindnoiseanddrag.Theheadlightsconsume50%lesselectricitythanhalogenlamps.[40]Nissansoughttom