高中语法_状语从句

AdverbialClauses状语从句状语从句的分类时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句地点状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句方式状语从句考什么?连词时态语序省略1.时间状语从句after,before,when,while,as,whenever,since,until,till,assoonas，immediately……1．Shewillbeveryhappywhenshe_______(know)thatshehasbeengivenachancetogoabroad.2．Youcangoouttoplaywhenyou__________________(finish)yourhomework.3．Don’tgetoffthebusbeforeit__________________.knowsfinish/havefinishedstops/hasstopped时间状语从句应注意的问题(一)when,while,as引导的时间状语从句1．表示动作的先后顺序，即某一动作发生之后，另一动作才发生，用when.WhenIgottothestation,Ifoundthetrainhadleft.2．表示主、从动作在同时发生时，用when、while；但while后面的动词必须是延续性动词。(1)______waterbecomessolid,wecallitice.(2)____________Iwascooking,Iburntmyhand.WhenWhile/When(1)_____shegrewolder,shegainedinconfidence.3．as强调动作同时进行，常译成“随着”，“正当”或“一边…一边……”(2)Shesingsasshewalks.(3)Ashesaidit,helaughed.AsOneeveningIwashavingmydinner______anunexpectedfriendknockedatmydoor.when4．when连接并列分句，表示“就在这时”我正要下河游泳，这是导游警告我说河里有食人鱼(piranha)。Iwasabouttoswim/onthepointofswimmingintheriverwhentheguidewarnedmethattherewerepiranhas(水虎鱼)init.sbhadjustdonesthwhen…sbwasdoingsthwhen…；sbwasabouttodosthwhen…;sbwasonthepointofdoingsthwhen…NotuntilthenineteenthcenturywasVico’sworkgivenitstruerecognition.Vico’sworkwasnotgivenitstruerecognitionuntilthenineteenthcentury.(二)由till,until引导的时间状语从句1)Wedonotrealizethevalueofhealthuntil/tillweloseit.2)Iworkeduntil/tillhecameback.3)_______shetoldme,Ihadnoideaofwhattheyhadsaid.4)ItwasnotuntilthenineteenthcenturythatVico'sworkwasgivenitstruerecognition.延续性动词Untiltill不能放句首短暂性动词强调结构倒装句正常语序(三)由immediately,assoonas,themoment…引导的时间状语从句,表示“一…就…”，他一看见老师脸色就变了。Themomenthesawtheteacher,heturnedpale.nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…,刚…就...,注意这一结构的时态搭配我刚回到家就开始下雨了。（正常语序/倒装）Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.(四)Since引导的时间状语从句：since+短暂性动词的过去式，从该动作发生时算起；since+延续性动词的过去式，从该动作结束时算起。BIt’sthreeyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.ItisthreeyearssincehewasaLeaguemember.1.Itisalmostfiveyears____wesaweachotherlasttime.(05北京23)A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.whenTranslatethesentences:2.―Doyousmoke?―____.ItisthreeyearssinceIsmoked.No2.地点状语从句比较：•Iwillgowherehewent.•I’llgowhereverhegoes.特定地点不确定地点Ifyouaretraveling____thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown，pleasedoastheRomansdo.(2006天津5)A.inwhichB.whatC.whenD.where3.原因状语从句原因状语从句：由because,since,as,nowthat,for引导。---Whydidn’theattendthemeeting?---Itwas__________hewasill.Wearstrongshoes___________weshalldoalotofwalkingtoday._______________youhavecome,youmayaswellstay.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,_____thegroundiswet.Nowthat/Sincebecauseas/becausefor1.because语气最强，用来回答why提问和用在强调句型中，这时不用as；其他地方不用区分。2.for也可以表示原因，用于表示补充说明理由。for引导的从句不能位于句首。4.Since/Now(that)一般译成“既然”（往往放于主句之前），一般指说话双方都清楚的原因D1.Animalssufferedatthehandsofman_____theyweredestroyedbypeopletomakewayforagriculturallandtoprovidefoodformorepeople.(08江西卷)A.inwhichB.forwhichC.sothatD.inthat2.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,______hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.(08山东卷)A.thoughB.forC.butD.soB4.目的状语从句1．I’dliketoarrive20minutesearly____Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.(05北京)A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothat2.Ilenthim50dollars___________________hemightgoforashortholiday.Dsothat/inorderthat5.结果状语从句(一)sothat,so…that,such…that引导的结果状语从句。Itwassuchagoodplan____weallagreedtoacceptit.Itwassuchagoodplan____weallagreedtoaccept.A.soB.andC.thatD.asCD_________washercrueltythatweallhatedher.Such改错1．TherearesuchmanythingstobedonethatIfindnotimetogotothecinema.2．Shegotsuchlittleeducationthatshecouldhardlydoasimplemathsproblem.(三)在名词前有many,much(多),few,little(少)时，只能用so.soso3.Solittlesheepeatsomuchgrass.Suchso+adj.+a+n.=such+a+adj.+n(可数单)somany/few+n(可数复);somuch/little+n(不可数)such(adj)+n(可数复/不可数)由if,unless(ifnot),so/aslongas,once(一旦),suppose/supposing(that),onconditionthat,incase等引导。Suppose(supposing)heisill,whowilltakeoverhisjob?Youmaykeepthebookafurtherweekprovidedthatnooneelserequiresit.Onceenvironmentaldamageisdone,ittakesmanyyearsfortheecosystemtorecover.6.条件状语从句1.You’dbettertakesomethingtoreadwhenyougotoseethedoctor_____youhavetowait.(05广东)A.evenifB.asifC.incaseD.inorderthatC2.—Doyouhaveaminute?Ihavegotsomethingtotellyou.—OK,_____youmakeitshort.(08安徽卷)A.nowthatB.solongasC.ifonlyD.everytimeB1)IfIwereyou,Iwouldwearsomethingformal.Ifyouhadbeencareful,youwouldn’thavegotaticket.Ifitshouldsnow,wewouldhavetostayhere.Ifhehadworkedharder,hewouldbeatuniversitynow.（时间差）Workharder,andyouwillsucceed.Workharder,oryouwon’tsucceed.Workingharder,youwillsucceed.If条件句句型变化（祈使句，分词做状语）2)Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceed.If引导虚拟条件句(过去，现在，将来，时间差)Howcanyouexpecttolearnanything______youneverlisten?(05山东)A.incaseB.evenifC.unlessD.whenWhen可以表示条件，意思接近“在…的情况下”你有车怎么还走着上班？Whydoyouwalktoworkwhenyouhaveacar?when了解：When还可以表示对比，常可译为”本该/本可以…而/却…Whyareyouherewhenyoushouldbeatschool?Heremovedthetreewhenitwasthebestintheground.Howcanyouhopeformercywhenyoushownone?if7.让步状语从句(一)though,although引导的状语从句，主句中不能用连词but，但可与yet,still或nevertheless等副词连用。1.Though/Althoughheisveryold,(yet)heishealthy.(二)evenif=eventhough引导的状语从句，可以用虚拟语气。1．I’lltryit,evenifImayfail.2．EvenifIwerestarving,Iwouldn’taskafavourofhim.请用as倒装从句翻译下列1.