南海季风试验与东亚夏季风_丁一汇

X丁一汇李崇银(,,100081)(,,100029)何金海陈隆勋(,,210044)(,,100081)甘子钧钱永甫(,,510301)(,,210093)阎俊岳王东晓施平方文东(,,100081)(,,510301)许建平李立(,,310012)(,,361005),,19985~8,,;,6:(1);(2);(3);(4)-;(5)ENSO;(6):,,,12030[1],70,,,[2~6](SCSMEX),6[7]:(1)[8];(2),)[2];(3),,5[2];(4)[9],,[10];(5),[11,12];(6)ENSO[13,14]625200410ACTAMETEOROLOGICASINICAVol.62,No.5October2004X:2004730;:2004825:B:,,,,,6SCSMEX,,,¹,--,1978~1979(MONEX)10,,,,,4:(1),;(2)(4~5);(3)-;(4)SCSMEX,102SCSMEX199851831,SCSMEX(IOPs)(10bS~40bN,70~150bE),(10bS~30bN,95~130bE)(1)-4,(GPS),,,,,(,TRMM),-,(ISS),,,ATLAS,,(ADCP),(CTD)(AXBT),(2),,(IOPs),119985~8()Fig.1TheSCSMEXobservationnetworkfortheFieldExperimentofMay-August,1998(IntensiveObservationPeriod(IOP))¹SCSMEXOffice,1995(SCSMEX)562622¹Fig.2ObservingarrayforthenorthernSouthChinaSeaduringtheIOPofSCSMEX55~2565~251IOP2IOP,,20014,SCSMEX,,,TBB[15,16]35,[17],º3a,,(3b),,[18,19]54(516~20),5,113110~120bE(a)70~80bE(b)(1979~2001)-(CMAP)ºFig.3Latitude-timecross-sectionsalong110-120bE(a)and70-80bE,(b)averagedfor1979-2001basedonCMAPdataº,..,2002,1,18~335635:41980~1995(10~20bN,110~120bE)CMAP(mm/d),(K),OLR(W/m2)850hPa(m/s)[18]Fig.4MonthlyvariationofCMAPprecipitation(mm/d),brightnesstemperature(K),OLR(W/m2)and850hPazonalwind(m/s)intheregionof10-20bN,110-120bEaveragedfor1980-199556462[20~22]OLR45,53(11~15)54(16~20),,(4a,b),,OLR240W/m2230W/m2(5),52(6~10)55(21~25)850hPaOLR(5e6e),:,,,,,OLR,,(),:,()FongWang[21],54,,,5655:,,45200hPa,,(),,200hPa:,,()(Q10),:(80~90bE),,,,,,,,,[23,24]1998,,(4),,,7a,15d,(0,80bE),,OLR(7b),(15bN,110bE,),,,90bE,5,,6,,FongWang[21]()45,,,,,,80~90bE[25]27~28,,700hPa400hPa,,,1953~1999,[26]3:1,,27.6%;2,,15%;3,57.4%19981[16,27]52,,53,,,,,54,,55,,[25],,4:(1)455666271990~1998850hPa(a)OLR(b)(EQ,80bE)(25bN,120bE)[23](a.0,b.OLR230W/m2)Fig.7Longitude-time(from(EQ,80bE)to(25bN,120bE)-cross-sectionfor850hPazonalwind(a)andOLR(b)aroundtheonsetoftheSCSsummermonsooncompositedfor1990-1998.Theshadedareasin(a)arewesterlywindregions.Theshadedareasin(b)areregionswithOLR230W/m2[17,20,28,29])[30][31],,(2),,,5[32]WuWang[33]31,:,500hPa,5~10bN850hPa,,()(6)(3)6[12,34,35],63(4)75675:[35,36],7,,SCSMEX4:(1);(2),(LFO)();(3);(4),,,,,,,,[33],,,,SST[37~39],ElNi‰no/LaNina(SSTA/),/ElNi‰no/LaNina,Walker/,/SST,,SST,3~4SST,SST,,SST[40],1998SST30~60d,SST6d,SSTChenWang[41],[42]CCM.NCARGCMSST?1e,49,,,SST?1eSSTº1e,/,SST/1e/1e/[42~45]1998LFO,,850hPa51510(8C1),515,20,,(8A1),69C164,69,14,,(1980,1988,1998),,,,LiYanai[46],)SCSMEX,,,[23],,,,1980~1986ECMWF,ChangChen[47]850hPa,5,,,,5,1,568628199855~69850hPa30~60d[45](a~h55,10,15,20,25,30,64,9;C1,A1)Fig.8850hPafiltered30-60daywindfieldsforMay5June9,1998((a)-(h)areforMay5,10,15,20,25,30,June4,and9,respectively.C1:cyclonicdisturbance.A1:anticyclonicdisturbance)5695:,Liu[48],RossbyDingLiu[27]Chan[31]19984(5)SCSMEX,,[16]ISS311998531Hse[49],(9a,c),,,600~700hPa,9Hse9P0,(515~21),,[32],,,,,SCSMEX93(a,c)1(b,d)(a,b)Hse(c,d)-[49](ab.,,,:m/s;cd.Hse340K5K1998SCSMEXIOPs,3120b29c39dN,116b57c58dE6b15cN,110bE)Fig.9Height-timecross-sectionsofzonalwindandpseudo-equivalentpotentialtemperatureatR/VShiyan#3(a,c)andR/VKexue#1(b,d)in1998[49](For(a)and(b),thefulllinesdenotewesterlywindandthedashedlinesdenotetheeasterlywind.Thewesterlywindisshaded.Theunitsarem/sandthecontourintervalis5units.For(c)and(d),thevaluesbelow340Kareshadedandthecontourintervalis5units.R/VKexue#1andR/VShiyan#3indicatetheResearchVesselwhichwerestationaryat6b15cN,110bEand20b29c39dN,116b57c58dEduringtheIOPsof1998,respectively)57062,515~198(MCSs)[16],6~12h,(10a)MCSs3:),)MCSs,MCSs(10b)[50],(Q10,Q20),,,MCSs101998515~19()()(a.:mm/h)850hPa(b.:m/s)(:hPa)TBB(:e)[49](:,:(a))Fig.10(a)Retrievedprecipitationpertenminutefromdual-DopplerRadarduringMay15-19in1998,whichwasmainlyresultedfrommeso-scaleconvectivesystems(MCS)(unit:mm1h);(a)850hPawindfieldsea-levelpressure(unit:hPa)andTBB(unit:e)duringMay15-19in1998[49].Dashedbox:theregioninvestigatedinthenorthernSCS;boldblackline:monsoontrough55.1,,20~70d()[15,51]11,,OLR199220~40d50~70d,199830~50d,,,,(ISO)2,LiWu[52],[53]1998(5~20bN,105~120bE)850hPa30~60d,30~60d,;2d,,()1998(518~23)850hPa30~60d(),,,,(5715:111992(a,b)1998(c,d)(5~20bN,105~120bE)850hPa(a,c)OLR(b,d)[51]Fig.11Waveletanalysisof850hPameanzonalwind(a,c)andOLR(b,d)intheSCS(5-20bN,105-120bE)for1992(a,b)and1998[51](c,d))30~60d19801986,1998,30~60d,,ISO[54],(850hPa)(200hPa),6~86~8850hPa:5~20bN,5~20bS;850hPa(),,ISO,ISO;,ISO-,,,ISO200hPa(),,,5.2,()(),(),,57262,[55],,--(EPA)(),12(15bN,112.5bE)500hPaEPA,,,(),()EPA[56]12(a)(b)500hPa[55]((15bN,112.5bE))Fig.12Correrativepatternsfor500hPaheightfieldsinNorthernHemisphereforstrongSCSsummermonsoon(a)andweakSCSsummermonsoon[55].Basepointis(15bN,112.5bE)6-1998,1998,-1998,2000,20023,(199820002002)5~6,,,-[57~59](1)-,,5735:2/3,1/2,,200W/m2,,150W/m2,95W/m2,42%,1998,2000,20027.8,5.2,5.2W/m2,(),:,40~50W/m2,,-,1998,2000,2002110,85,95W/m2,,;,2000200271.8,76.6W/m2,126W/m2,;,1/3,,,0120023112002(W/m2)Table1Meanseasurfacefluxesduringdifferentweatherconditionsfor2002(W/m2)V(m/s)R(mm)N1/10QsQbHsELQn(1)424~304.20.04.3277.2-58.0-5.8-86.3127.1(2)59~134.10.03.2290.5-60.7-4.2-101.8