毕业论文：基于粒子群算法的控制系统PID参数优化设计(终稿)-精品

辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计（论文）第I页基于粒子群算法的控制系统PID参数优化设计摘要本文主要研究基于粒子群算法控制系统PID参数优化设计方法以及对PID控制的改进。PID参数的寻优方法有很多种，各种方法的都有各自的特点，应按实际的系统特点选择适当的方法。本文采用粒子群算法进行参数优化，主要做了如下工作：其一，选择控制系统的目标函数，本控制系统选用时间乘以误差的绝对值，通过对控制系统的逐步仿真，对结果进行分析。由于选取的这个目标函数的解析式不能直接写出，故采用逐步仿真来实现；其二，本文先采用工程上的整定方法（临界比例度法）粗略的确定其初始的三个参数pK，iK，dK，再利用粒子群算法进行寻优，得到更好的PID参数；其三，采用SIMULINK的仿真工具对PID参数优化系统进行仿真，得出系统的响应曲线。从中发现它的性能指标，都比原来有了很大的改进。因此，采用粒子群算法的优越性是显而易见的。关键词目标函数；PID参数；粒子群算法；优化设计；SIMULINK辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计（论文）第II页OptimaldesignofPIDparameterofthecontrolsystembasedonParticleSwarmOptimizationAbstractThemainpurposeofthispaperistostudytheoptimaldesignofPIDparameterofthecontrolsystembasedonParticleSwarmOptimizationandfindawaytoimprovethePIDcontrol.TherearealotofmethodsofoptimizationfortheparametersofPID,andeachofthemhasitsowncharacteristics.Thepropermethodsneedtobeselectedaccordingtotheactualcharacteristicsofthesystem.InthispaperweadopttheParticleSwarmOptimizationtotunetheparameters.Tofinishit,thefollowingtasksshouldbedone.First,selectthetargetfunctionofthecontrolsystem.Thetargetfunctionofthecontrolsystemshouldbechosenastheabsolutevalueoftheerrormultipliedbytime.Thenwesimulatethecontrolsystemgradually,andanalyzetheresultsoftheprocess.Becausethesolutionofthetargetfunctioncannotbeworkedoutdirectly,thisdesignadoptssimulationgradually.Second,thispaperadoptstheengineeringmethod(thecriticalratiomethod)todetermineitsinitialparameterspK,iK,dK,thenusestheParticleSwarmOptimizationtogetaseriesbetterPIDparameters.Third,thispaperusesthetoolofSIMULINKtooptimizetheparametersofPIDandgetstheresponsecurveofthesystem.Bycontrastwiththetworesponsecurves,itisclearlythattheperformancehasimprovedalotthantheformerone.Therefore,itisobviouslytofindtheadvantagesinusingtheParticleSwarmOptimization.Keywords:targetfunction;PIDparameters;ParticleSwarmOptimization;optimaldesign;SIMULINK辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计（论文）第III页目录1绪论......................................................................................................................................11.1研究背景和课题意义.................................................................................................11.2基本的PID参数优化方法.........................................................................................11.3常用的整定方法.........................................................................................................21.4本文的主要工作.........................................................................................................42粒子群算法的介绍..........................................................................................................52.1粒子法思想的起源.....................................................................................................52.2算法原理.....................................................................................................................52.3算法流程.....................................................................................................................62.4全局模型与局部模型.................................................................................................72.5算法特点.....................................................................................................................82.6带惯性权重的粒子群算法.........................................................................................82.7粒子群算法的研究现状.............................................................................................93用粒子群方法优化PID参数.....................................................................................103.1PID控制原理.............................................................................................................103.2PID控制的特点.........................................................................................................113.3优化设计简介...........................................................................................................113.4目标函数选取...........................................................................................................123.5大迟滞系统...............................................................................................................133.6加热炉温度控制简介...............................................................................................163.7加热炉系统的重要特点...........................................................................................163.8加热炉的模型结构...................................................................................................174系统仿真研究.................................................................................................................194.1工程上的参数整定...................................................................................................194.2粒子群算法参数整定...............................................................................................204.3结果比较...................................................................................................................21辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计（论文）第IV页4.4P、I、D参数对系统性能影响的研究.....................................................................224.5Smith预估补偿器......................................