2011年高考英语语法专题讲解课件--情态动词

情态动词modalverbs常用的情态动词can（could）may（might）shall（should）will（would）must（must）dare（dared）need（need）havetooughttobeabletousedtohadbetter•表示说话人的语气或情绪•情态动词有一定的意义,但不完整•不能单独作谓语动词，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语•无人称和数的变化在情态动词的使用中,我们要注意以下考点:1.表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。2.表示否定的情态动词的用法。3.shall和will的多种意义的区别。4.情态动词短语的使用。5.情态动词表示推测的使用。6.虚拟语气中情态动词的使用。表示能力:can,could,beableto*beableto能用于各种时态。can/could只能表示现在或过去的能力。*was/wereableto:“设法做成某事”相当于managedtodosth.succeededindoingsth.。1.表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。1.Acomputer______thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone______getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasabletoAD3.Theywill______runthismachineontheirowninthreemonths.A.canB.couldC.mayD.beableto4.Thatbigcinema______seat2,000people.A.canB.shouldC.oughttoD.isabletoDA表示许可:may/might,can/could*might,could比较委婉,一般多用于疑问句.*can,may表达的语言比较随便.*在以could,might表示征询对方意见或表示请求时，回答应相应使用can,may.5.—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou_______.A.mightB.willC.canD.should6.—MightIwatchTVaftersupper?—Yes,you________.A.mayB.mustC.mightD.canCA2.表示否定的情态动词的用法:部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一mustn’tneedn’tcan’tmaynotshouldn’t不准,禁止没必要(=don’thaveto)不能;不可能不可以;可能不不应该(=oughtnotto)7.You______returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot8.Johnny,you______playwiththeknife,you______hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’tCB9.--Willyoustayforlunch?--Sorry,_____.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.Imustn’tB.Ican’tC.Ineedn’tD.Iwon’t10.--MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?--________.A.No,youneedn’tB.Not,please.C.No,youmustn’tD.No,youwon’tBC情态动词：shall,will的多种意义:shall/will+动词原形:*shall可表示必须、命令、警告或征询意见.*will可表示意愿、常出现的动作、在疑问句中表示请求和建议.*均可表示将来。过去时为should,would.3.shall用在主语是第一和第三人称的疑问句中表示征求对方的允诺；ShallIopenthewindow?Shallhecomeinorwaitoutside?will用在主语是第二人称的疑问句中,表示“请求”Wouldyoupassthesalt,please?Willyoupleasepassthesalt?will用于主语是各人称的陈述句中,表示“意愿、倾向”---Thephoneisringing.---I’llgetit.11.He______bepunishedifhedisobeys.如果他不服从,就要受到惩罚.12.Wearenotgoingtoquarrelatallifyou____onlyletmespeak.只要你让我说话,我们根本就不会吵架.13.--Sir,____hegoorstay?--Lethimgo.A.willB.shallC.mightD.couldshallwillB14.Thedoor_______open.这门经常打不开.15.Ronald______stayinhissmallgardenforalongtimeeverydayinthepast.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.would16.You_____havethebookafterIreadit.我看完以后一定把这本书给你.won’tDshall4.情态动词短语的使用:wouldliketodo…wouldratherdo…wouldrather+sb.+didsth.wouldprefertodo...hadbetterdo...宁愿…改错:1.Wouldyoulikehavingsometea?2.I’dprefergoingtothelecturethisevening.3.I’dratheryoutogotothemeeting.4.Hewouldrathertodiethantogivein.5.You’dbettertohaveyourhaircuttoday.Wouldyouliketohavesometea?I’dprefertogoto...…youwentto...Hewouldratherdiethangivein.You’dbetterhave...5.表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.1.YoumustbeMrSmith----Iwastoldtoexpectyouhere.2.Hemusthaveknownwhatwewanted.3.Wemayhavereadthesamereport.4.Hecan’thavesleptthroughallthatnoise.5.There’ssomeoneoutside----whocanitbe?6.Whatcantheybedoing?7.Thesepillsmighthelptocureyourdisease.8.Youcouldberight,Isuppose.表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测must对将来对现在对过去情态动词may,mightcouldcan’t,couldn’tcan,could+V.+V.+havedone常见mustbe+bedoing+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing可以用not表示“可能不”+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing高考考题:1.Ithoughtyou_____likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.mayB.mightC.wouldD.must2.Whereismypen?I____it.A.mightloseB.wouldhavelostC.shouldhavelostD.musthavelost3.Ididn’thearthephone.I___asleep.A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeenBDB4.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.----It____acomfortablejourneyA.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen5.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack___behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.couldDC不同的“肯定”程度可按下列层次排列：Heisathome.(事实)Hemustbeathome.（非常肯定的推断）Hecouldbeathome.（很可能）Heoughttobeathome.（很可能）Hemaybeathome.（仅仅可能而已）Hemightbeathome.（或许,非常不确定）Hemightnotbeathome.（也许不在家）Hemaynotbeathome.（比might可能）Hecouldn’tbeathome.（很可能不在家）Hecan’tbeathome.（一定不在家）Heisn'tathome.（事实）•couldmight/would/should+V•couldmight/would/should+have+done•needn'thavedone本来不需要•didn'tneedtodo过去不需要客观事实•should、oughtto+havedone本应该...有责备的语气6.用于虚拟语气的情态动词:should/oughttohavedoneshouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedonemight/couldhavedoneneedn’thavedone本应该做……（但事实没做）本来不应该做……（但事实却做了）本来可以做……（但事实没这样做）本来不需要做……（但事实却做了）1.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You___homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave2.Therewasalotoffunatyesterday’sparty.You___come,butwhydidn’tyou?A.musthaveB.shouldC.needhaveD.oughttohaveBD3.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.---Oh,didyou?You___withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed4.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI____forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitoutAC