情态动词用法详解(1)

情态动词用法详解五爱高级中学高一英语备课组情态动词的定义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。Wecanbethereontimetomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。Youmustobeytheschoolrules.你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would).情态动词的位置情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中，情态动词放在主语之前。Icanseeyou.Comehere.我能看见你，过来吧。Hemusthavebeenaway.他一定走了。情态动词的特点情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。Hecouldbeheresoon.他很快就来。Wecan'tcarrytheheavybox.我们搬不动那箱子。I'msorryIcan'thelpyou.对不起，我帮不上你。情态动词的用法1.can(could)表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could为can的过去式。Canyoupassmethebooks?你能给我递一下书吗?Couldyouhelpme,please?请问,你能帮助我吗?2.can和could只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态，将来时态用beableto来表示。(表示过去已完成的某一次具体动作的”能够”肯定句中不可用could,应用was/wereableto)Hecouldhelpusatall.他完全可以帮助我们。Withtheteacher’shelp,IshallbeabletospeakEnglishcorrectly.有老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。Thoughtheexamwasdifficult,hewasabletopassit.1.may(might)“可以”,表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。Youmaytakethebookhome.你可以把书带回家去。MayIcomein?我可以进来吗?Hesaidhemightlendussomemoney.他说他可以借给我们一些钱。2.may否定式为maynot,might是may的过去式，有两种用法，一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、客气或对可能性的怀疑。Hetoldmehemightbehereontime.他说他能按时来．MightIborrowsomemoneynow?我可以借点钱吗?Hemightbealive.他可能还活着。3.用于祈使句,表示祝愿.Mayyouhaveagoodtime!4.用于习惯用法中.May/mightaswell,“最好”(=hadbetter),用于提出建议.Youmightaswellfinishyourhomeworkfirst.1.对现在或将来情况推测：must+动词原形。must只能用于肯定。否定和疑问分别用can’t和can。Hemusttellalie.Canhetellalie?Hecan’ttellalie.Must推测语气2.对过去情况推测：must(may,might)+完成时。Youmusthavemethimbefore.must—may—might可能性依次减弱3.must只能用于肯定句，译成“一定”。否定和疑问分别用can’t/couldn’t和can/could。Could/Canithavehappenedlastnight?Itcouldn’t/can’thavehappenedlastnight.Hemustbereading,isn’the?Youmustdoityourself,don’tyou?Hemusthavegoneoverthearticle,hasn’the?Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn’tit?4.表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成1.用于一、三人称疑问句、表征求对方意见或向对方请求。Shallhecomein?—Comein,please.2.用于二、三人称，表示保证、承诺、威胁、警告。Youshallbepunishedifyouinsistondoingitthisway.Shall1）预测、可能。Theyshouldbeherebynow.2）说话人的感情。如惊奇、愤怒、失望等、“竟然”Youcan’timaginethatwell-behavedgentlemanshouldbesorudetoalady.shouldwill和would1.与第一人称连用,表示意愿,同意,提议或允许.Allright,I’llcome.2.与第二人称连用,表客气的请求.Willyoupleasetelephonemelater?3.用于否定句表拒绝Thiswindowwon’topen.4.某人有做某事的习惯,某事自然会如何或在预料之中Theboywouldplayatrickonhisparentswhenhewasachild.1.need“需要”，多用在否定式或疑问句中.NeedIattendthemeetingtomorrow?我需要明天参加会议吗?Youneednothandinthepaperthisweek.这一周你不必交论文。2.need是一个情态动词，他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样，但need还可当作实义动词使用，这时need就象其他动词一样，有第三人称，单复数，后面加带to的动词等特性。Doyouneedadictionary?你需要词典吗?Sheneedsanecklace.她需要一条项链。注意：“needn‘t+have+过去分词”表示过去做了没必要做的事情。Youneedn'thavetakenitseriously.这件事情你不必太认真。1.dare“敢”，多用在否定或疑问句中。Thelittlegirldarenotspeakinpublic.小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。Dareyoucatchthelittlecat?你敢抓小猫吗?2.dare除用作情态动词外，更多的是当实义动词使用，用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人称，单复数，时态等。Doyoudaretowalkinthedark?你敢黑夜走路吗？Hedoesn'tdaretotelltheteacherwhathappenedthatday.他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。1.ought“应当；应该”，后面跟带有to的动词不定式。Yououghttoreadthesebooksifyouwanttoknowhowtorepairthemotorcar.如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。Yououghttobringthechildhere.你应该把孩子带来。2.ought+tohavedone句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。Yououghttohavebeenhereyesterday.你昨天就应该来。3.oughtnottohavedone句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。Yououghtnottohavetakenthebookoutofthereading-room.你不应该把书带出阅览室。情态动词专练题1.Putonmoreclothes.Youbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.A.canB.couldC.mustD.would2.—MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren?—No,________.A.youshouldn'tB.youmightnotC.youneedn'tD.youmustn't3.Youtoattendthemeeting,butyoudidn't.A.shouldcomeB.wouldhavecomeC.cameD.shouldhavecome4.Wedidn'tseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.Heit.A.mustn'thaveattendedB.cannothaveattendedC.needn'thaveattendedD.wouldhavenotattended5.Tomwentonfoot,buthebybus.A.mightgoB.maygoC.couldhavegoneD.oughthavegone6.Weplaychessthanbridge.Someofusdon'tknowhowtoplaybridge.A.hadbetterB.wouldbetterC.wouldratherD.hadrather7.Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor.itbeTom?A.CanB.MustC.ShouldD.Ought8.Therewasalotoftime.He.A.mustn'thavehurriedB.needn'thavehurriedC.couldhavehurriedD.oughttohavehurried9.Wedidn'tstudyChemistrylastnight,butwe.A.hadstudiedB.couldC.shouldD.couldhave10.Oneoughtforwhatonehasn'tdone.A.nottobepunishedB.tonotbepunishedC.tonotpunishedD.notbepunished11.MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?.A.No,youneedn'tB.Not,pleaseC.No,youmustn'tD.No,youwon't12.CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?Yes,you.A.willB.couldC.mayD.might13.Twoyearsago,myhusbandboughtmeabicycle.Ifyouliveintown,itisoftenfasterthanacarandyouworryaboutparking.A.mustnotB.maynotC.shouldnotD.don'thaveto14.Ididn'tseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustn'thavespokenB.shouldn'thavespokenC.needn'thavespokenD.couldn'thavespoken15.Iwonderhowhethattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay16.Youtakeyourumbrella.Iamsureitwon'train.A.shouldn'tB.can'tC.don'thavetoD.mustn't17.Thedoghibernateinwinter.A.don'tneedB.doesn'tneedtoC.needsnottoD.needsnot18.Lookwhatyouhavedone.Youhavebeencareful.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.may19.Tomdidnotgotothepartyyesterday,orIhim.A.wouldseeB.couldmeetC.mighthaveseenD.mightsee20.—Let'sgotothecinema,shallwe?—.A.No,Ican'tB.Yes,IwillC.Yes,thankyouD.No,we'dbetternot21.Ifyouhadbeenmore