英语图表作文写作方法及范文分析

怎样分析和描述图表(WritingaCompositionAccordingtoTablesandGraphs）TableofContents•图表作文和一般作文的区别•看懂图表要领（1）•看懂图表要领（2）•图一、图二分析•易犯错误&解决方法•常用数字表达法•BasicWritingStructureetc.•MoreExercises图表作文和一般作文•一般作文：在指示中把作文要讨论的问题或者现象直接用文字告诉你。•图表作文：把问题或者现象用图表反映出来。要求：把图表看懂，并用文字叙述出来，才能对这个问题或现象展开讨论。看懂图表要领（1）•看懂图表，弄清它所反映的问题或现象。•第一，熟悉图表的各种类型，了解它们的特点和作用。常见图表有四种：PieChart（饼图)•这种图表多数用来表示各种事物在总数百分之一百中所占的各自比例。LineGraph（线图）•这种曲线图用来表示一种事物的上升趋势或下降趋势。BarGraph（条形棒图)•一般用来比较几种事物在同一时期上升或者下降的情况。Table（表格图）•这种图表用于表示多种事物间的相互关系。看懂图表要领（2）•要善于从众多的数字中抓住主要问题。给出的图表和数字并不是要求简单的描写，而是要求通过图表上的数字抓住所反映的社会问题进行评论。因此从数字中看出主要问题或现象至关重要。•1）借助于题目和指示里的要求来抓主要问题。•2）看一下图表中的哪些数字前后变化最大。图一(JobProblemsforCollegeGraduates)•上图1、2、3分别表示:•1：Graduateswhocontinuetostudy•2：Graduateswhotakejobsirrelevanttotheirmajors•3：Graduateswhoholdjobsintheirmajors19814%7%89%123199258%30%12%123图一分析•一、借助于题目JobProblemsforCollegeGraduates,可以看出是关于大学毕业生找工作的问题。因此尽管表中有许多数字，但只要顺着有关工作职业的数字，就能发现图表所要反映的问题。•二、看图表哪些数字变化最大：图表中有三组六个数字，分别表示毕业生继续读书、找专业对口的工作和找专业不对口的工作。但以后两组数据在十年里的变化最大。因此它们就是文章要讨论的主要问题。语言表达•抓住了所要评论的问题，接着就是先把它用语言表述出来。在描写中，对数字的运用要有针对性，不要把图表中的数字全描写出来。图一：第一段表达•Eachyearthousandsuponthousandsofgraduatesfloodthejobmarket,wavingtheircollegediplomasandcertificates,expectingbetterjobsintheirmajors,onlytobefrustratedanddisappointed.Accordingtothecharts,only58%percentofcollegegraduatesin1992couldfindjobsintheirspecialties,comparedwith89%percentin1981whenChinhaditsfirstcollegegraduatesaftertheCulturalRevolution.Whydocollegegraduatesfinditincreasinglydifficulttogetarewardingjob?Tips•开头段落在六个数字中仅仅列举了1981和1992年有关找专业对口的工作的毕业生人数的两个数字，因为这是文章要重点讨论的，其余四个数字就不必列出了。图二EnthusiasmforSports•EnthusiasmforSports.Youmustwritenolessthan120wordsandexplainWHYmanyTVviewersliketowatchsports.PercentageofTVViewersofVariousProgrammes68%54%78%26%42%0%20%40%60%80%100%12345NEWSMOVIESSPORTSSPECIALSDOCUMENTARY图二：第一段表达•Modernsportsarebecomingmorespectator-oriented(观赏者为导向的)thanparticipant-oriented(参与者为导向的).JustthinkofmillionsandmillionsofpeoplewhospendcountlesshoursbeforeTVsetswatchingsportsofallsorts:OlympicGames,WorldSeriesGamesandtheWorldCupSoccerGame.Accordingtoasurvey,amongvarioustelevisedevents,sportshavethegreatestnumberofviewers.Whenanimportantfootballmatchistelevisedlive,thestreetsofabigcityareoftenleftdeserted.Tips•图二第一段范文中对图表上四个数据连提都不提，就是对看体育节目人数这个作文要讨论的主题也只是用thegreatnumberof等笼统地加以概况。我们要讨论的是为什么有许多人观看体育节目，而不是要介绍各类节目的收视率，所以具体准确的数字就没有必要写出来了。易犯错误&解决方法•盲目地把图表中所有数据都描写出来，不管是否和主题有关。•解决方法：可以在描写和引用数字前，先把这些数据要反映的问题用一句话写出来。这样就把数据看成是一种用来说明问题的具体数据材料(statisticalevidence)。选用的数据必须和论述有关。例1•图一第一段第一句：•Eachyearthousandsuponthousandsofgraduatesfloodthejobmarket,wavingtheircollegediplomasandcertificates,expectingbetterjobsintheirmajors,onlytobefrustratedanddisappointed.例2•RisingDivorceRatesinChinaChangesinthedivorcerateinsomebigcitiesinChina15730.502468101214161967197719871992(perthousand)SampleInrecentyearsthedivorcerateinChinahasincreaseddrastically.Accordingtoa1992CensusBureau(人口调查局)reportonmarriageanddivorceinsomebigcities,duringthepastfiveyears,thedivorceratehasincreasedasmuchasithadintheentireprevioustwentyyears.In1967therewereonly0.5divorcedpersonsforevery1000marriedpeople,andin1987theratewas7perthousand,butin1992theratejumpedto15divorcedper1000married.常用数字表达法1.In1990,it•increasedrosejumpedshotupfrom5to10percentofthetotal.to15percent.by15percent.2.Bycomparisonwith1990,itdecreaseddroppedfellfrom10to5percent.to15percent.by15percent.3.Thethatoflastyear.figurepercentagenumberpopulationhasnearlyhasalmosthasmorethandoubled,tripled,comparedwithascomparedwithasagainst4.Ithascomparedwith…..droppedincreaseddecreasedalmostmorethanabouttwoandahalftimes,twice,sixtimes,5.Theasmuchasthatof1990.numberpercentageistwiceis4timesishalf6.Ithasreachedapproachedrisentosomethingofaplateau50percentanaverageof50percentintherecent5years.inthepastfewyears.since1992.7.Itaccountsfor([在数量、比例上]占…)15percentofthetotal…8.ThereinMarch,waswerehasbeen26trafficaccidents26teenagesuicidesa26percentincrease/declineinbirthratesupfrom20percentforthesameperiodlastyear.anincreaseof3percentinathree-monthperiod.only65.3birthsper1000femalesofchildbearingage.Thatistherateinhistory,continuinga(n)trendbeguninthe1970s.second-highestsecond-lowestupwarddownward9.By1990,onlylessthanmorethanalmostaboutoverasmanyasthree-quarters40percentofoneoutoffiveoneinfourcollegepopulationsgraduateshousewivespreferredto…liked…asagainstascomparedwithlastyear,1980,10.Thewasofthe1990total.numberrate15percent/15perthousand,lessthanmorethanahalfathird/quarterBasicWritingProcessoftheComposition1)Haveacorrectunderstandingofthegiveninformation,andgraspthemainidea;2)Makeacarefulanalysisoftheinformation;3)Usetherighttechniqueofwriting;(Themostcommontechniquesusedinthiskindofwritingare:comparisonandcontrast.)4)Makeacommentonthemaintopic,thenreachaconclusion．BasicWritingStructure1)Describetheinformationgiveninthechartortable;2)Analyzethephenomenon(itscauses,consequences,etc.);3)Predictthefuturetendencyorgiveyoursuggestionsorsolutions.AWritingPatternforReferenceDescription:InrecentyearsChinahasexperiencedadramaticincreaseinthedivorcerate.Accord