新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程2 Unit 2 B篇练习答案及课文翻译

ContentsActiveReading2WarmingUpLookatthefollowingpicturesanddescribetheemotionshownineachpicture.surprisedisgustsadnesshappinessangerfearWarmingUpWorkinpairsandlookatthewordsbelow:Nowdiscussthequestions:1.Whendidyoulastfeeltheemotionsdescribedbythewordsabove?2.Whataretheearliestemotionsyoucanrememberinyourlife?happyangryshysaddepressedfrightenedannoyedupsetWarmingUpEmpathyvsSympathyEmpathyistheabilitytounderstandhowsomeonefeelsbecauseyoucanimaginewhatitisliketobethem.Sympathyisanaturalfeelingofkindnessandunderstandingthatyouhaveforsomeonewhoisexperiencingsomethingveryunpleasant.WarmingUp(Para.3)Empathyoriginatesfromasortofphysicalimitationofthedistressofanother,whichthenevokesthesamefeelingsinoneself.Sympathyisfeltforthegeneralplightofanotherwithnosharingofwhatthatotherpersonisfeeling.Nowskimthetext,andfindthedefinitionofempathyandsympathyinthepassage.WarmingUp1.sendingacardtosomeonewhoisinhospital2.feelinghappybecauseyourfriendhaswonascholarshiptoaprestigiousuniversity3.tryingtocomfortsomeonewhohashadbadnews.4.reactingphysicallywhenyouseethatsomeoneisinpain5.collectingmoneytohelpthevictimsofanaturaldisaster6.cryingattheendofafilmseseseNowdecidewhetherthefeelingsoractionsdescribedbelowarearesultofsympathyorempathy.TextHowempathyunfoldsBackgroundinformationGotothetextTheauthorTextDanielGoleman(bornMarch7,1946)isanauthor,psychologist,andsciencejournalist.For12years,hewroteforTheNewYorkTimes,specializinginpsychologyandbrainsciences.Heistheauthorofmorethan10booksonpsychology,education,science,andleadership.EveryoneknowsthathighIQisnoguaranteeofsuccess,happiness,orvirtue,butuntilEmotionalIntelligence,wecouldonlyguesswhy.DanielGoleman’sbrilliantreportfromthefrontiersofpsychologyandneuroscienceoffersstartlingnewinsightintoour“twominds”—therationalandtheemotional—andhowtheytogethershapeourdestiny.TextBackgroundinformationEmotionalIntelligenceisabookwrittenbyDanielGolemanandpublishedin1995.Thetheoryofemotionalquotient(EQ)wasbasedonearlierworkdonebyotherpsychologistsinthe1970sand1980s–aquotientisthenumberthatistheresultofdividingonenumberbyanother,soEQisascoreforbehaviourinvolvingemotions.TheEQconceptclaimsthatemotionalintelligenceisasimportantasthetraditionallyrecognizedintellectualintelligence.AhighIQ(IntelligenceQuotient)doesnotrepresentalltheelementsforasuccessfulcareerorlife.TextEmotionalintelligenceisanimportantelementofthesocialandinterpersonalrelationshipswhichcontributetolifesuccess.TheEQemphasizestwoaspectsofemotionalabilities:Oneistounderstand,reflectandmanageone’sownemotionswhichaffectone’sbehaviour,intentionsandactions;theotheristounderstandotherpeople’sfeelingsandemotions.Perhapsthepopularityofthebookandtheconceptshowsthatmanypeoplenowrecognizetheimportanceofemotionsinourpersonalandprofessionallives.TextHowempathyunfolds1ThemomentHope,justninemonthsold,sawanotherbabyfall,tearswelledupinherowneyesandshecrawledofftobecomfortedbyhermother,asthoughitwereshewhohadbeenhurt.And15-month-oldMichaelwenttogethisownteddybearforhiscryingfriendPaul;whenPaulkeptcrying,MichaelretrievedPaul’ssecurityblanketforhim.Boththesesmallactsofsympathyandcaringwereobservedbymotherstrainedtorecordsuchincidentsofempathyinaction.Theresultsofthestudysuggestthattherootsofempathycanbetracedtoinfancy.Virtuallyfromthedaytheyareborninfantsareupsetwhentheyhearanotherinfantcrying–aresponsesomeseeastheearliestprecursorofempathy.2Developmentalpsychologistshavefoundthatinfantsfeelsympatheticdistressevenbeforetheyfullyrealizethattheyexistapartfromotherpeople.Evenafewmonthsafterbirth,infantsreacttoadisturbanceinthosearoundthemasthoughitweretheirown,cryingwhentheyseeanotherchild’stears.Byoneyearorso,theystarttorealizethemiseryisnottheirownbutsomeoneelse’s,thoughtheystillseemconfusedoverwhattodoaboutit.InresearchbyMartinL.HoffmanatNewYorkUniversity,forexample,aone-year-oldbroughthisownmotherovertocomfortacryingfriend,ignoringthefriend’smother,whowasalsointheroom.TextThisconfusionisseentoowhenone-year-oldsimitatethedistressofsomeoneelse,possiblytobettercomprehendwhattheyarefeeling;forexample,ifanotherbabyhurtsherfingers,aone-year-oldmightputherownfingersinhermouthtoseeifshehurts,too.Onseeinghismothercry,onebabywipedhisowneyes,thoughtheyhadnotears.Text3Suchmotormimicry,asitiscalled,istheoriginaltechnicalsenseofthewordempathyasitwasfirstusedinthe1920sbyE.B.Titchener,anAmericanpsychologist.Titchener’stheorywasthatempathystemmedfromasortofphysicalimitationofthedistressofanother,whichthenevokesthesamefeelingsinoneself.Hesoughtawordthatwouldbedistinctfromsympathy,whichcanbefeltforthegeneralplightofanotherwithnosharingwhateverofwhatthatotherpersonisfeeling.Text4Motormimicryfadesfromtoddlers’repertoireataroundtwoandahalfyears,atwhichpointtheyrealizethatsomeoneelse'spainisdifferentfromtheirown,andarebetterabletocomfortthem.Atypicalincident,fromamother’sdiary:5Aneighbor’sbabycriesandJennyapproachesandtriestogivehimsomecookies.Shefollowshimaroundandbeginstowhimpertoherself.Shethentriestostrokehishair,buthepullsaway…Hecalmsdown,butJennystilllooksworried.Sheco