初中英语动词不定式

动词不定式用法归纳动词形式基本分类（除去时态）动词原形：do如：swim动词不定式：todo如：toswim动词ing形式：doing如：swimming不定式的结构：to+do(动词原形)HeplansgotoJinanforaholiday.to注：to只是一个符号，起结构作用，无任何实际意义Hetoldmenottoclosethedoor.Heaskedmenottoclosethedoor.不定式的句式：Hetoldmetoclosethedoor.Heaskedmetoclosethedoor.not+to+do肯定式：todotellsb.todosth.asksb.todosth.tellsb.nottodosth.asksb.nottodosth.否定式：不定式的特点：Shewantedtobeateacher.Wedecidetogivesomemoneytothepoor.1)动词不定式在句子中不能做谓语2)没有人称、数、时态的变化。不定式的句法功能：动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。主语宾语表语定语状语宾补句子的基本结构:TolearnEnglishiseasy.Togetupearlyisimportant.返回主语+谓语+宾语+状语。主语:主语过长，头重脚轻主语过长，头重脚轻。用it代替其做形式主语。常见句型：It’s+adj+todosth.学英语很容易。早起是重要的。对我们来说学英语很容易。对他来说早起是重要的。以前还学过类似的句子：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.It’sniceofhimtotakecareofhisyoungbrother.It’seasytolearnEnglish.It’simportanttogetupearly.It’seasy______tolearnEnglish.It’simportant_________togetupearly.句型：It’s+adj+ofsb.todosth.如果说对某人来说做什么事是怎样的怎么办？也就是需要体现这些行为的逻辑主语，那怎么办？forusforhim句型：It’s+adj+forsb.todosth.形式主语真正主语区别：It’s+adj+forsb.todosth.It’s+adj+ofsb.todosth.注:for形容词修饰的是动作；of形容的是人：It’sfoolish_____youtoasksuchsillyquestions.It’simportant_____metolearnmathswell.It’spolite_____youtoknockonthedoorbeforeyoucomein.forofof宾语Iwouldliketoseeyourphotos.Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle.特殊(一）：类似词:want,agree,hope,decide,agree,start,begin,love,like,hate,prefer等。注意：斜体既可以todo也可以doing,但区别不大likedoing指经常性动作，liketodo指一次性的动作Ilikeswimming，butIdon’tliketoswimnow．我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。宾语特殊（二）：stop,forget,remember,等词或短语后面可以接todo与doing,但意思大不相同。stoptodosth.:停下来去做另一件事stopdoing：停止正在做的事情forgettodo:忘了去做某事forgetdoingsth.:忘记做过某事remembertodosth.:记着要做某事rememberdoingsth.:记着已做了某事Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstopped_______；whenhecameout,thestudentsstopped_________．(talk)talkingtotalk特殊句式：在find／feel＋it＋adj.＋todosth．句型中，it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。Themanfounditdifficulttogettosleep．Ifeeliteasytorecitethetext．宾语补足语(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to：tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例:Iaskedafriendtoreadittome．Itellhimnottogotherebybus．Edison‘smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite．(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(feel,listento,hear,make,let,have,notice,see,watch,find,help等)后不带to的不定式作宾补。如：Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursaday．Iheardhersinginthenextroom．返回表语主语+系动词+表语Hiswishistobecomeascientist．Ourdutyistoprotecttheenvironment.判断：Myworkis__________(teach)inthisschoolnow.I__________(teach)inthisschoolnow.返回这些行为不是wish、duty发出的，而这些行为的发出者只能是人，所以不能用进行时这种结构。toteachamteachingHiswishisbecomingascientist．Ourdutyisprotectingtheenvironment.定语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。例:Heisthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.Ihavealotofworktodo．Thedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelptheboy．返回Haveyougotsomepenstowritewith？特殊情况:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,且动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉后面的介词。Ihaveasmallbedroomtolivein．作状语a.目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,inorder等词后面.如：Icometoseeyou．Herunsfastinordertogetthereintime．Theybroughtinphotosoftheirfamiliesformetolookat.b.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed，excited等词后面。如：Iamgladtoseeyouhere．Iamsorrytotroubleyou．c.作结果状语。如:Someoftheapplesarehardtoreach．Theroomislargeenoughtohold1000people．特殊情况：too…to…Sheistooyoungtolookafterherself.返回“疑问词＋不定式”用法不式前可带what，who，which，where,when,how,whose,等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例:Hedidn’ttellmewheretogo.（直宾）Idon’tknowwhattosaynow.（宾语）Idon‘tknowwhattodonext.（宾语）Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer．(宾补）It'sstillaquestionhowtogetthere．(主语)返回练习：1.It'stimeforus____(have)supper．2.Wouldyoulike____(go)shoppingwithme？3.Ittookushalfanhour_______(work)outtheproblem．4.Heisoldenough_____(join)thearmy．5.Ifeelitstrange_______(have)atwinsister．6.Iamveryglad_______(meet)youhere．7.Wesawthem_______(come)intotheroomjustnow．8.Whathesaidmademe_____(feel)sorry．9.Iamsorry．Iforgot_____(tell)youthenews．10.Hisplanis_______(spend)afewdaysinthemountains．11.Haveyougotanything_____(say)?12.Haveyoudecidedwhichone________(choose)?13.Heistooweak________(carry)thebigstone．动词形式基本分类（除去时态）：原形、todo、doing不定式的结构：todo不定式的句式：肯定及否定句式不定式的特点：无人称、数、时态变化；不能作谓语不定式的句法功能：主语宾语表语定语状语宾补小结：Hi,relaxyourself!