初中,高中英语语法,动名词用法详细讲解

一.含义动词的-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，不能单独充当谓语。二.构成1.构成:动词原形+-ing2.规则:①一般情况，直接+ing;②以不发音的e结尾，去e+ing;③以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加ing;④以ie结尾，变ie为y，+ing，例：die，dying；lie，lying.关键词：含义构成特征分类成分用法形式运用三.特征1.动词的-ing形式具有名词、形容词和副词等词的特点.2.动词的-ing形式由动词变来,所以保留了动词的某些特征,如它可以有自己的宾语,状语等.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading.四.分类1.动名词:动词的-ing形式相当于名词在句中的用法.2.现在分词:具有动词的特征，可以表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作.小结：doing为非谓语动词，由do原形+ing构成，不能单独充当谓语,可以充当1.主语2.宾语3.表语4.定语5.状语6.宾语补足语。doing现在分词动名词具有名词，动词的特性具有adj.，adv.的特性主语宾语表语定语状语宾补动名词现在分词成分形式√√√√√√√√××××做主语和宾语的肯定是_________；做状语和宾补的肯定是__________。Examples:1)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词做主语和宾语)2)Becarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.(现在分词做时间状语)3)IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.(现在分词做宾语补足语)动名词现在分词1.做主语例句呈现：1.Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.2.Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.3.Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.五.用法：小结：1．特征：单个的动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。2.句型：1）doing作主语句型：Doing….+V+O2）但有些含有动名词的句型，为避免句子主语太长，通常用it作形式主语，-ing形式作真正的主语。下面列举几种最常见的句型：Eg.It’snousecryingoverspilt（倾倒出）milk.①It+be+nogood/usedoing…做…无益/无用It’sawasteoftimethinkinghardaboutthepast.②It+be+awasteoftimedoing…做…是浪费时间Thebookisworthreading.③It+be+worthdoing…做…值得Thereisnoharmindoingso.④There+be+no+n.+in+doing…做…没有…2.作宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语）Hefinishedreadingthebookyesterday.IenjoylearningEnglish.(动词宾语）IamfondofwatchingTV.（介词宾语）动词+宾语①只接doing②只接todo③doing和todo皆可，意义区别很大④doing和todo皆可，意义区别不大①以下动词须用doing做宾语1)记忆口诀：双P延期两建议否认错过了练习考虑完成不耽搁喜欢设想不介意面对坚持不放弃避免冒险请原谅对应单词：postpone,putoff,suggest,advisedeny,miss,practiceconsider,finish,delayfancy,enjoy,appreciate,imagine,mindface,insiston,giveupavoid,risk,excuse,forgive2)need,require,want+doing=needtobedon注意:主动表被动动词want，need，require作“需要”解时，后面的动词用动名词作宾语时，且与句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，这个动名词的主动式表示被动意义。3)giveup,can’thelp,lookforward,havetrouble….+doingEg1.Mycoatneedswashing.=Mycoatneedstobewashed.Eg2.Ilookforwardtoreceivingyourletter.②下列动词常以动词不定式（todo）作宾语。三个希望两答应两个要求莫拒绝设法学会做决定不要假装在选择hope;wish;want;agree;promisedemand;ask;refusemanage;learn;decidepretend;choose想要拒绝命令需要努力学习,期望同意帮助希望决定开始。want;refuse;orderneed;try;learnexpect;agree;helphope;wish;decide;begin;start③有些动词既可接-ing，又可接todo作宾语,区别不是很大。like,love,hate,begin,start,continue,intend,prefer,etc.Helikessinging.Helikestosing.1)Imustremembertotakemynotebookwithme.Irememberseeinghersomewherebefore.remembertodosth.记得要做某事。rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事。类似词：forget,regret,mean,stop,try,etc.④有些动词后既可以接doing又可以接todo作宾语,意思上有明显差别：2)Iforgottoposttheletter.Iforgotpostingtheletter.forgettodosth.忘记要做某事。forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事。3)Iregrettotellyouthatyoucan’tworkhereanymore.Iregretnottakingyouradvice.regrettodosth对马上要发生的事抱歉、遗憾，常和say,tell,inform等词连用。regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事。4)Ididnotmeantohurtyou.Thatmeansgivingupmyjob.meantodosth.:有……的意图，打算，想……meandoingsth.:意味着……5)Hestoppedtosing.Hestoppedsinging.stoptodosth.:停下来正在做的事，去做另一件事。stopdoingsth.:停止正在做的事情。6)Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneontime.Let’strydoingtheworksomeotherway.trytodosth.:设法、努力做某事trydoingsth.:尝试做某事7）Hesaidnothingbutjustwentonworking.Afterherearlyteachingcareershewentontobecomeadoctor.goondoingsth.继续做同一件事goontodosth.(做完某事)接着做另一件事8）Ican’thelptofinishherwork,becauseIhaven’tfinishedmineyet.Ican’thelpcryingwhenIheardthenews.can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事Completethesesentences:1.Ifyoucankeep________(read)Englishnewspapers,yourEnglishwillbeimproved.2.Hehaspromised__________(come)tomybirthdayparty.3.Ihate_________________(tell)lies!4.*Iwillneverforget__________(go)toBeijingwithhimlastsummer.*Iforgot________(tell)herthenews;sosheknewnothingaboutit.readingtocometelling/totellgoingtotell3.作表语HisjobisteachingEnglish.=teachingEnglishishisjob.Sheiswashingthedishes.≠Washingthedishesisshe.动名词做表语现在分词做表语现在分词与动名词做表语的区别：动名词做表语表示主语内容，主语表语可交换位置；现在分词做表语说明主语的性质，特征，主语和表语不可交换位置。Practice：1)Learningismyduty.2)Thenewsisencouraging.动名词做表语现在分词做表语4.作定语a.thelaughingaudience/anamusingstoryb.DustinHoffmanisfamousforhisroleactingasawoman.(短语后置）Thegirlsingingonthestageismysister.CompareTheamusingplay=theplaythatisamusing.Thegirlsingingonthestage=Thegirlwhoissingingonthestage.现在分词与动名词作定语的区别现在分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词,说明其修饰名词的动作，性质或特征,它与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系，且可以转换成定语从句；动名词做定语说明被修饰名词的功能或用途，一般是单个动名词，放在被修饰名词之___，可以转换成for短语，表示“供作...之用”。前前awalkingstick(astickforwalking)(apoolforswimming)asleepingboyamovingstory_______________________(astorythatmovespeople)(aboywhoissleeping)aswimmingpool____________________动词-ing形式如果是短语，应放在所修饰的名词，相当于__________。1.Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.（=whocomefromseveralcountries.）2.ThreedayslaterIreceivedaletterofferingmethejob.（=whichofferedmethejob.）3.Thegirlstandingthereismyclassmate.（=whostandsthere）4.Themanspeakingtotheteacherismyfather.后定语从句(whoisspeakingtotheteacher)Step2.Theboywhoiscomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmine.Step1.TheboyiscomingtodinnerthiseveningHeisaclassmateofmine.Step3.Theboycomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmine.Wrong:TheboyiscomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmineTherearesomepeoplearewaitingatthebusstop____5.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时，⑴分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，⑵分词