Unit 5

ToLieorNotToLie?--TheDoctor’sDilemmaIvy&LilyToLieorNotToLie?--TheDoctor’sDilemmaIvy&LilyWriterWord&ExpressionsStructureContentsWritingSkillsWriterSisselaBokisSwedish-bornAmericanphilosopherandethicist,thedaughteroftwoNobelPrizewinners:GunnarMyrdalwhowontheEconomicsPrizewithFriedrichHayekin1974,andAlvaMyrdalwhowontheNobelPeacePrizein1982.ShereceivedherB.A.andM.A.inpsychologyfromGeorgeWashingtonUniversityin1957and1958,andherPh.D.inphilosophyfromHarvardUniversityin1970.FormerlyaProfessorofPhilosophyatBrandeisUniversity,SisselaBokiscurrentlyaSeniorVisitingFellowattheHarvardCenterForPopulationandDevelopmentStudies,HarvardSchoolofPublicHealth.Herbrother,isacontroversialwriterandjournalistJanMyrdal.SheismarriedtoDerekBok,formerpresident(1971-1991)andinterimpresident(2006-2007)ofHarvard.Herdaughter,HilaryBok,isalsoaphilosopher.ShewasawardedtheCourageofConscienceawardon24April1991forhercontributionstopeacemakingstrategiesinthetraditionofhermother.Lineofworkjob[uncountable]:ajoboractivitythatyoudoregularly,especiallyinordertoearnmoneyEx:Morepeopleareinwork(=haveajob)thantenyearsago.place[uncountable]:aplacewhereyoudoyourjob,whichisnotyourhomeEx:Heleftworkattheusualtime.duties[uncountable]:thedutiesandactivitiesthatarepartofyourjobEx:Alargepartoftheworkwedoinvolvesusingcomputersresult[uncountable]:somethingthatyouproduceasaresultofdoingyourjobordoinganactivityEx:ThebuildingistheworkofarchitectRafaelMoneoEloquent:1.abletoexpressyourideasandopinionswell,especiallyinawaythatinfluencespeopleEx:aneloquentappealforsupport2.showingafeelingormeaningwithoutusingwords:Ex:Thephotographsareaneloquentreminderofthehorrorsofwar.Gotogreatlengths:Totryveryhardortodowhateverisnecessarytoachievesomethingthatisimportanttoyougotosome/great/anylengths(todosomething)Ex:Hewenttogreatlengthstokeeptheirnameoutofthepapers.Uphold:Todefendorsupportalaw,system,orprinciplesothatitcontinuestoexistEx:acommitteethataimstoupholdeducationalstandardsTranscend:togobeyondtheusuallimitsofsomethingEx:Thedesireforpeacetranscendedpoliticaldifferences.Bestow:togivesomeonesomethingofgreatvalueorimportancebestowsomethingon/uponsomebodyEx:honoursbestowedonhimbytheQueenDeceptive:somethingthatisdeceptiveseemstobeonethingbutisinfactverydifferent,intendedtomakesomeonebelievesomethingthatisnottrueEx:Somesnakesmovewithdeceptivespeed(=movefasterthanyouthinkorexpect).Distort(v)distorted(adj)distortion(n)1.tochangetheappearance,sound,orshapeofsomethingsothatitisstrangeorunclearEx:Tallbuildingscandistortradiosignals.2.toreportsomethinginawaythatisnotcompletelytrueorcorrect:Ex:Hisaccountwasbadlydistortedbythepress.3.tochangeasituationfromthewayitwouldnaturallybe:Ex:anexpensivesubsidywhichdistortsthemarketTakeastand:declareone’sposition,attitude,opinions,etc.andbepreparedtofight(forthem)Pressfor:迫切要求；紧逼，催促SS在这个重要的问题上，每个人都应表明观点。TTEveryoneissupposedtotakeastandonthisimportantissue.SSHetookafirmstandoninvestingmoreineducation.AfterReading_1_1各行各业恪守诺言揭露腐败公众利益常规体检隐藏真相在某人眼里使某人完全失去希望linesofworkupholdapromiseexposecorruptionpublicinterestroutinephysicalcheckupconcealthetruthinone’seyesdestroyone’shope自杀为讲真话而讲真话commitsuicideutterthetruthfortruth’ssake1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.AfterReading_1.211.歪曲事实12.与……相反13.对付14.仁慈欺骗15.度过剩余的时间16.侵犯个人自由distortnewscontraryto…copewithbenevolentdeceptionspendone’sremainingtimeinvadeone’sautonomy17.做出明智的选择18.被蒙在鼓里19.结束20.与世长辞makeinformedchoicebekeptinthedarkbring…toaclosetakeleave从长远的观点来看，最终inthelongrun21.AfterReading_1_3追问真实情况剧烈的冲突不遗余力古老的做法克制日复一日表明立场pressforanswerssharpconflictgotogreatlengthsold-agepracticerefrainfromdayafterdaytakeastand公开辩论职业欺骗debateopenlyprofessionaldeception22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.腐蚀信任不知者，不为所害。erodetrustWhatyoudon’tknowcan’thurtyou.31.32.StructureofthetextPartsParagraphsMainIdeas1.1——52.6——93.10——11TheauthorbringsupthesituationinmedicalinstitutionsAcounter（相反的）argumentaboutwhydoctorsshouldn’tlieTheauthorurgesthatanopendebatebeheldonthisissue.1.IntroduceyourtopicandassertyoursideThefirstparagraphshouldcontainabriefexplanationofyourtopic,somebackgroundinformation,andathesisstatement(astatementofyourpositiononaparticularcontroversialtopic).Inthistext(Para1-2),theauthoractuallydoesn’tgiveushisopiniononthisissue.Inordertomaketheintroductionconcrete,theauthorgivesanexample.Inordertoarousereader’sinterests,theauthorusesalotofquestions.Ex:(1)Shoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatients——tospeedrecoveryortoconcealtheapproachofdeath?(2)Whatshoulddoctorssay,forexample,toa46-year-oldman……Isitbesttobesttotellhimthetruth?Ifheasks,shouldthedoctorsdenythatheisill,orminimizethegravityoftheillness?Shouldtheyatleastconcealthetruthuntilafterthefamilyvacation?2.PresentbothsidesofthecontroversyThebodyofyouressaywillcontainthemeatofyourargument.Youshouldgointomoredetailaboutthetwosidesofyourcontroversyandstatethestrongestpointsofthecounter-sideofyourissue.Para3——93-5Reasonswhydoctorsshouldlietotheirpatients6-9Reasonswhydoctorsshouldn’tlietotheirpatientsInthispart,theauthorusestwostudiestomakehisstatementclear.Ex:(4)Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievet