工程硕士研究生英语基础教程unit1

Unit1I.PartAText(MyFirstJob)II.PartBGrammar(Tense)III.PartCSupplementaryReading(FourWordsThatChangedaLife)PartAText(MyFirstJob)I.Background1.JayLeno:•Born1950,inNY;Education:EmersonCollege,graduated,1973.Hobbiesandotherinterests:Antiquemotorcyclesandautomobiles.Host,actor,comedian,writer,andenvironmentalist.NowhestilldrivesFordModelT.•2.JillE.Barad•BornonMay23,1951,inNewYorkCity,shereceived(1973)herB.A.fromQueensCollegeinNYcity.FollowinggraduationsheworkedasanassistanttotheItalianproducerandlandedanonspeakingroleinhis1974filmCrazyJoe.Afterdecidingnottopursueanactingcareer,sheworkedforCotyCosmeticsasacosmetician-trainer.Evenatthisearlyjob,herinnovativenatureshonethrough--whensherealizedthatCoty’sproductswerenotbeingplacedwellinthestoresshevisited,shedesignedawalldisplaythatthecompanywoulduseforthenexttwodecades.•By1981shebeganhercareerwithMattelasaproductmanager.In1982BaradwasputinchargeoftheBarbieline.Launchedin1959,bytheearly1980sBarbiewasexperiencingunspectacularsales.Baradbroughtnewlifeintotheline,overseeingtheexpansionoftheBarbiecollectionbypackagingdifferentversionsofthedoll,eachwithitsownaccessories,sothatchildrenwouldwanttoownmorethanone.Theresultswereastounding--annualsalesoftheBarbiebrandgrewfrom$200millionin1982to$1.9billionin1997.By1998theaveragegirlintheU.S.ownednineBarbies,andthebrandamountedtosome40%ofMattel’ssales.Barad’ssuccessesbroughtheraseriesofpromotions.by1997shewaspromotedtoCEO.•3.GreatDepression(美国经济大萧条时期）•TheGreatDepressionwasasevereworldwideeconomicdepressioninthedecadeprecedingWorldWarII.ThetimingoftheGreatDepressionvariedacrossnations,butinmostcountriesitstartedinabout1929andlasteduntilthelate1930sorearly1940s.Itwasthelongest,mostwidespread,anddeepestdepressionofthe20thcentury.Inthe21stcentury,theGreatDepressioniscommonlyusedasanexampleofhowfartheworld'seconomycandecline.ThedepressionoriginatedintheU.S.,startingwiththefallinstockpricesthatbeganaroundSeptember4,1929andbecameworldwidenewswiththestockmarketcrashofOctober29,1929(knownasBlackTuesday).Fromthere,itquicklyspreadtoalmosteverycountryintheworld.•TheGreatDepressionhaddevastatingeffectsinvirtuallyeverycountry,richandpoor.Personalincome,taxrevenue,profitsandpricesdropped.whileinternationaltradeplungedby½to⅔.UnemploymentintheU.S.roseto25%,andinsomecountriesroseashighas33%.Citiesallaroundtheworldwerehithard,especiallythosedependentonheavyindustry.Constructionwasvirtuallyhaltedinmanycountries.Farmingandruralareassufferedascroppricesfellbyapproximately60%.Facingplummetingdemandwithfewalternatesourcesofjobs,areasdependentonprimarysectorindustriessuchascashcropping,miningandloggingsufferedthemost.Someeconomiesstartedtorecoverbythemid-1930s.However,inmanycountriesthenegativeeffectsoftheGreatDepressionlasteduntilthestartofWorldWarII.•4.SylvesterStallone•SylvesterStallone(bornJuly6,1946),nicknamedSlyStallone,isanAmericanactor,filmmaker,screenwriter,andfilmdirector.StalloneisknownforhismachismoandHollywoodactionroles.TwoofthenotablecharactershehasportrayedincludeboxerRockyBalboaandsoldierJohnRambo.TheRockyandRambofranchises,alongwithseveralotherfilms,strengthenedhisreputationasanactorandhisboxofficeearnings.•5.HenryFordII•HenryFordII(September4,1917—September29,1987),commonlyknownasHF2andHanktheDeuce,wasthesonofEdselFordandgrandsonofHenryFord.HewaspresidentoftheFordMotorCompanyfrom1945to1960,chairmanoftheboardandchiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)from1960to1979,andchairmanforseveralmonthsthereafter.II.LanguagePoints•1.Iacquiredaverystrongworkethicfrommyparents,bothofwhomlivedthroughtheGreatDepression.•acquire:v.togainorcometopossess,esp.byone’sownwork,skill,oraction,oftenoveralongperiodoftime.取得；得到e.g.Imanagedtoacquiretwoticketsfortheconcert.我设法弄到了两张音乐会的票。•Graduallyweacquiredexperienceinhowtodothework.•我们逐步获得了做这工作的经验。•Usefulexpression:•toacquiremannerisms形成或养成独特的习惯•2.Theycouldn'tunderstandpeoplewhodidn'tworkregularly.•regular:adj.ahappening,coming,ordoingsth.againandagainatthesametimeseachday,week,etc.有规律的，经常的•e.g.Theykeepregularhours(getupandgotobedatthesametimeseachday)•他们的起居很有规律。•Usefulexpression:•haveregularfeatures五官端正•regularsize普通型号•theregulararmy正规军•aregularguy好人，靠得住的人•3.Iworkeduntilfiveorsixo'clockonschooldaysandputin12-hourdaysduringthesummerasaprepper.putin12-hourdays:spent12hoursworkingeachday•putin:todo(work)orspend(time),esp.forapurpose为某一目的干活，花费时间e.g.Altogether，hehasputinaboutfouryears‘workonhisthesis．他总共用了4年时间研究他的课题。•Usefulexpression:putinanapplication递交一份申请书Sheputin.她插话。•4.Thismeantwashingandpolishingthenewcars,andmakingsurethepaperfloormatswereinplace.•makesureofsth/that:查明，确保，弄确实；•e.g.IthinkIlockedthedoor,butI’lljustgobackandmakesure(ofit/thatIdid.)•我想我是锁了门的，但是我还是想回去确认一下。inplace:(i)intheproperorusualposition在适当的位置上e.g.Assoonasallthechairsareinplace,wecanletthepeoplein.一旦所有的椅子摆好了，我们就可以让人们进来。(ii)inexistenceandreadytobeused准备好投入使用e.g.Thenewregulationsarenowinplace.新条例已制定好，可以开始执行了。•5.Anotherresponsibilitywastakingoffthehubcapsatnight,sotheywouldn'tgetstolen,andreplacingthemthenextday.•sotheywouldn'tgetstolen:sothattheywouldn’tgetst