学术英语写作Unit-9.Discussion

Unit9HowtoWriteDiscussion1•Function•SampleAnalysis•Contents•GrammarandWritingSkills2FunctionofDiscussion•TheprimaryfunctionofDiscussionistoshowtherelationshipsamongobservedfactsandindicatewhatnewinformationisprovidedbythepresentstudy.3•Naturally,thisisthemostsubjectivesectionofascientificresearcharticle.•Thisiswheretheauthorscombinetheirexperience,backgroundknowledge,andcreativitytoexplainthedataanduseitasevidenceintheirinterpretation.4Fig.1TheshapeofaresearcharticleAbstractIntroductionMaterials/Methods(whatyoudid/used)Results(whatyoufound)Discussion/Conclusion5•IntroductionandDiscussionshouldfunctionasapair.•Introductionshouldhaveposedoneormorequestions.Discussionshouldindicatehowthefindingsanswerthequestions.6SampleAnalysisHerearethesentencedescriptions:•1.Thewriterrevisitspreviousresearch.•2.ThewriterrevisitstheIntroductiontorecallspecificweaknessinthemethodologyusedinpreviousstudies.•3.Thewriterrevisitsthemethodologyusedinthisstudy.•4.Thewriterrevisitsandsummarizestheresults.7•5.Thewritershowswhereandhowthepresentworkfitsintotheresearch‘map’inthisfield.•6.Thewriterrecallsanaspectoftheresultsthatrepresentsapositiveachievementorcontributionofthiswork.•7.Thewriterfocusesonthemeaningandimplicationsoftheachievementsinthiswork.8•8.Thewriternotesthatoneoftheachievementsorcontributionsofthisworkisitsnovelty.•9.Thewriterrefinestheimplicationsoftheresults,includingpossibleapplications.•10&11.Thewriterdescribesthelimitationswhichshoulddirectfutureresearch.•12.Thewritersuggestsaspecificareatobeaddressedinfuturework.9ContentsofDiscussion•(1)reviewoftheoriginalpurposeofresearch•(2)introductiontomajorfindings•(3)explanationofmajorfindings•(4)comparisonandcontrastbetweenyourfindingsandexistingknowledgeonthetopic•(5)theoreticalimplicationsandpracticalapplicationsoftheresults•(6)significanceofthepaper10•Whenyoudiscusstheresults,youshould•(1)focusonthemajorfindings•(2)explainwhatisnewinyourworkandwhyyourresultsareimportant11GrammarandWritingSkills•Modalverbs•may,might,can,could,must12•Thedropinpressurewasduetoacrackinthepipe.•Thedropinpressuremayhavebeenduetoacrackinthepipe.•Thedropinpressuremusthavebeenduetoacrackinthepipe.•Beingcertainthatsomethingistrueandknowingittobetruearenotthesamethingatall.13•1)Perhapsthedamagewascausedbyheatexposure.•Thedamage.•(may/mighthavebeencausedbyheatexposure)14•2)It’spossiblethatthedamagewasn’tcausedbyheatexposure.•Thedamage.•(maynothavebeen/mightnothavebeencausedbyheatexposure)15ContentsofConclusion1)abriefsummaryofwhatyoudidandwhatyoufound2)thesignificanceofyourfindings3)limitationsofyourresearch4)recommendationsforfutureresearches16