高考英语必备语法模块--倒装句(公开课)

英语句子的自然语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为“倒装”。谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装；只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，为部分倒装。倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）；二是为了强调。语序自然语序主语+谓语Theboycamein.倒装语序完全倒装谓语动词+主语Incametheboy.部分倒装助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语Nevershallweforgetthem.1.只有通过这种办法我们才能解决这个问题。Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.2.只有那时实验才显示出效果。Onlythencouldtheexperimentshowitsresult.3.只有战争结束了他才能回家。Onlywhenthewarwasoverwasheabletogohome。八、only及其修饰的状语位于句首时，后面的句子部分倒装。4.只有他才是对的。Only+主语位于句首不倒装Onlyhewasright.not,never,hardly,seldom,little,scarcely,neither,nor,innoway,atnotime,innocase,bynomeans,undernocircumstances等否定词或否定含义的短语位于句首时。NevershallIforgetthedayswhenweweretogether.LittledidIexpecttogetsuchawarmwelcome.AtnotimewillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.①1。我从来没有去过那里。(never)o2.我当时知道的很少。(little)o3.他很少上学迟到。(seldom)4.他没有犯过一个简单的错误。(not)o5.你决不应该买那种车子。(bynomeans)o1.NeverhaveIbeenthere.o2.LittledidIknowaboutit.o3.Seldomdidshecomelatetoschool.o4.Notasinglemistakedidhemake.o5.Bynomeansshouldyoubuythatkindofcar.③so/as,neither/nor表示“也……”时。Withoutinternationalcooperation,developingcountriescan’tprosper,norwillsustainabledevelopmentbepossible.Abetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentisnecessary,asisthewillingnesstoact.’o④由notonly…butalso连接两个句子时,notonly放在句首时，后的句子倒装。oHenotonlywritesthewordstothesongs,butalsohecomposesthemusic.不仅他我也保守住了秘密.Notonlydoeshewritethewordstothesongs,butalsohecomposesthemusic.但是当连接主语时不倒装NotonlyhebutalsoIhavekeptthesecret.1)Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.2)Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。9.Until引导时间状语提前时,若句子谓语动词是否定式,把notuntil一起提前，主句倒装。Wewon’tbeabletoimprovethesituationuntilweknowmore.Itwasnotuntilweknowmorethatwewillbeabletoimprovethesituation.Notuntilweknowmorewillwebeabletoimprovethesituation.⑥nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…o表示“一…就…时,从句用过去完成时(倒装),主句用过去时。o我一到家就下雨了。oNosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.o他一见到我就跑开了。oHardlydidheseemewhenheranaway.1.Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.九、So\such…that句型中，以so\such开头的句子中，主句要部分倒装他说得如此大声以至于人们在隔壁都能听到.1.Hespokesoloudlythatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.2.字太小了以致于他无法看见.3.Suchaninterestingfilmwasitthatwewerealldeeplymoved.Thewordsweresosmallthathecouldhardlyseethem.Sosmallwerethewordsthathecouldhardlyseethem.这是一部如此感人的电影以致于我们都深深的感动了.7.在以often,always,once,manyatime,nowandthen,everyotherday,then等做状语的此位于句首时。OftendidIspeakofhimbefore.Manyatimehashehelpedmewithmyexperiment.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：Mayyouallbehappy.May+主语+动词原形+……..Mayyouhaveaveryhappymarriedlife!Maythenewyearbringyouhappiness!8.as位于句首引导让步状语从句时，只须把表语,状语,或动词原形提到as前，(作表语的单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词)。例如：Thoughhefelttired,hekeptonworking.Childashewas,hecouldworkouttheproblem.Tiredashefelt,hekeptonworking.Thoughhewasachild,hecouldworkouttheProblem.HelikesEnglishverymuch,heisnotgoodatit.oTryaswemight,wecouldnotbringhimaroundtoacceptourview.MuchashelikesEnglish,heisnotgoodatit.oThoughwemighttry,wecouldnotbringhimaroundtoacceptourview.典型例题1)Whycan'tIsmokehere?Atnotime___inthemeeting-roomA.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。本题的正常语序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.2）Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didn'tmanknowD.didmanknow答案D.看到Notuntil…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了典型例题1)Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonly…but(also),nosooner…than,hardly…whenscarcely…when等等。典型例题1)---DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?---Idon'tknow,_____.A.nordon‘tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon‘tcareneitherD.Idon'tcarealso答案：B.nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用don't再次否定，Cneither用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。1)TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.2)---It‘sraininghard.---Soitis.注意:当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。2）NotuntilIbegantowork___howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn‘tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn’trealizeD.Irealize答案：B.1Onlyinthisway__tomakeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.（03上海春季）A.youcanhopeB.youdidhopeC.canyouhopeD.didyouhope高考题5Notasinglesong___atyesterday’sparty.A.sherangB.sangsheC.didshesingD.shedidsing（00上海）高考题6–Itwascarelessofyoutohaveleftyourclothesoutsideallnight.--MyGod!____.A.SodidIB.SoIdidC.SowereyouD.Sodidyou（99上海）高考题1.直到天黑了那些孩子们才意识到太晚回不了家了。A.Notuntildarkdidtheboysrealizeitwastoolatetoreturnhome.B.Notuntildarktheboysrealizeditwastoolatetoreturnhome.C.Untildarktheboysrealizeditwastoolatetoreturnhome.二、选择翻译正确的句子2.直到她摘下了墨镜,我才看出来她是著名影星。A.ItwasnotuntildidshetakeoffherdarkglassesthatdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.B.ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.C.NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.3.我刚合上眼,电话铃就响了。A.HardlyhadIclosedmyeyesthanthephonerang.B.NosoonerIhadclosedmyeyesthanthephonerang.C.NosoonerhadIclosedmyeyesthanthephonerang.4.虽然她是一个妇女,但她能做那件事。A.Awomanassheis,sheisabletodothat.B.Womanassheis,sheisabletodothat.C.Assheisawoman,sheisabletodothat.5