高中英语语法被动语态用法详解

被动语态ThepassivevoiceOutline•定义、构成•各种时态的被动语态•变被动句的步骤•情态动词、短语动词、双宾结构被动语态•主动形式表被动•为什么用被动语态•不用被动语态的情况•Get结构•固定句型语态•语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。•语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。被动语态的构成•英语中被动语态由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表：各种时态的被动语态•YouareinvitedtogiveusatalkinEnglish.•ThebookwaswrittenbyDickens.•I’mbeingtroubledbyhisbehaviour.•Hewasbeinglookedafterbyhissister.•Theresultwillbeannouncedat6o’clock.•Wewereafraidwewouldn’tbeadmitted.•They’vebeenwarnednottoswimthere.•Hetoldmethatthefactoryhadbeencloseddown.如何改写•主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。变被动句步骤•1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语•2、把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。•3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。•4、其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。将下列句子改为被动语态•Myauntmadethestrawberrycake.•Iboughtmycousinabirthdaygift.•Mystudentsaskedmetoslowdown.•Answers:•Thestrawberrycakewasmadebymyaunt.•Mycousinwasboughtabirthdaygift.•Abirthdaygiftwasboughtformycousin.•Iwasaskedtoslowdownbymystudents.带情态动词的被动语态•情、助、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。•带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来变化，这些词如“can,could;will,would;shall,should;may,might;must;oughtto;need（需要）;haveto（不得不）;begoingto;tobeto;usedto等。•Therefrigeratorcanbeputinthatplace.•Ioughttobecriticizedforit.我应该为此受到批评。•Allthishastobesolvedwithgreatcare.这一切得认真解决。•Thelobbyisgoingtoberebuilt.门厅将重建。•Theexhibitionistobeopenedtomorrow.展览会将在明日开放。•Mustthisworkbedoneatonce？这项工作必须立即完成吗？•Whenmustthisworkbedone？这工作必须在什么时候完成？•含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。短语动词的被动语态•Everyonelooksdownonlazypeople.•Lazypeoplearelookeddownonbyeveryone.•Wecan’tlaughathim.•Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.•Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.•Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.•短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。•1.Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeensetupinmyhometown.•2.Mysisterwillbe__bymygrandmother.•我姐姐被奶奶照顾得很好。双宾语结构的被动语态•“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如：•Histeachergavehimadictionary.•→Hewasgivenadictionarybyhisteacher.(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)•也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：•Histeachergavehimadictionary.•→Adictionarywasgiventohimbyhisteacher.(老师给他一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了他)•Hisfathermadehimakite.•→Akitewasmadeforhimbyhisfather.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)主动形式表示被动意义•1)cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write.•Thisknifecutseasily.•这刀子很好用.•Thebook__well.•这本书销路好。•2)blame,remain,keep,rent,build•Iwastoblamefortheaccident.•这次的事故都怪我。•Muchwork__.•还剩下很多工作.•3)在need,require,want,beworth,deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。•Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.•Thisroomneedscleaning.这房间应该打扫一下.Thisbookisworth__.(beingread/reading)这本书值得一读。•4)特殊结构：•makesb.heard/understood使别人能听见/理解自己•havesth.done让别人去做某事Icouldn’tmakemyselfunderstoodduetomypoorEnglish.Didyouhaveyourbikefixedyesterday?•make/havesb.dosth.让某人做某事•不加to的动词不定式用被动语态时应该加to•Make(hear,see,let,have)sb.dosth•Sbbemadetodosth•Hewasmadetofinishthework•Yesterday,hewasseen__theparty.•A.attendB.attendedC.wasattending•D.toattend1.Thelibraryneeds__,butit'llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned2.Mymothermademe__thehousethewholemorning.A.cleanB.cleanedC.cleaningDtoclean3.Youshouldraiseyourvoiceinordertomakeyourself__.A.hearB.heardC.hearingD.tohear4.Iwanttohavemycomputer__.A.fixB.fixedC.fixingD.tofix5.MissLeehadafewstudents__theclassroom.A.cleanB.cleanedCcleaningDtoclean为什么用被动语态•1.不知道动作的执行者是谁•Threepeoplewereinjured.三个人受了伤。•Thebuildingwasburneddown.这座建筑完全焚毁了。•2.为了强调动作的执行者•Philipwasdepressedbywhathehadgonethrough.菲利普因他经历的事而沮丧。•3.为了避免说出动作的执行者•It’shopedthatsuchthingswouldnothappenagain.希望这样的事不再发生。不用被动语态的情况•在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。•1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,disappear,happen,last,lie,remain,spread,breakout,takeplace.•Afterthefire,verylittle___inmyhouse.A.wasremainedB.wereremainedC.remainedD.hasbeenremained•2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,cost,succeedin,sufferfrom,happentotakepartin,belongto•Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.•3)系动词无被动语态：appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn•Itsoundsgood.Get+过去分词•Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。•如：Themangothurtonhiswayhome.那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。•Howdidtheglassgetbroken?杯子怎么破了？•表示据说或相信的词组•Itissaidthat…据说•Itisreportedthat…据报道•Itisbelievedthat…大家相信•Itishopedthat…大家希望•Itiswellknownthat…众所周知•Itisthoughtthat…大家认为•Itissuggestedthat…据建议•Itistakengrantedthat…被视为当然•Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定•Itmustberememberedthat…务必记住的是