数学专业英语常用词汇

数学专业英语词汇代数部分1.有关数*算add，plus加?subtract减?difference差??multiply,times乘?product积?divide除?divisible可被整除的?dividedevenly被整除?dividend被除数，红利?divisor因子，除数?quotient商?remainder余数??factorial阶乘?power乘方?radicalsign,rootsign根号?roundto四舍五入?tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集?propersubset真子集?solutionset解集??3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代数项?liketerms,similarterms同类项?numericalcoefficient数字系数?literalcoefficient字母系数??inequality不等式?triangleinequality三角不等式??range值域??originalequation原方程?equivalentequation同解方程，等价方程?linearequation线性方程(e.g.5?x?+6=22)?4.有关分数和小数properfraction真分数?improperfraction假分数?mixednumber带分数?vulgarfraction，commonfraction普通分数?simplefraction简分数?complexfraction繁分数??numerator分子?denominator分母?(least)commondenominator（最小）公分母?quarter四分之一?decimalfraction纯小数?infinitedecimal无穷小数recurringdecimal循环小数?tenthsunit十分位??5.基本数学概念arithmeticmean算术平均值?weightedaverage加权平均值?geometricmean几何平均数?exponent指数，幂?base乘幂的底数,底边?cube立方数，立方体?squareroot平方根?cuberoot立方根??commonlogarithm常用对数?digit数字?constant常数?variable变量??inversefunction反函数?complementaryfunction余函数?linear一次的，线性的?factorization因式分解?absolutevalue绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32?roundoff四舍五入?6.有关数论naturalnumber自然数?positivenumber正数?negativenumber负数?oddinteger,oddnumber奇数?eveninteger,evennumber偶数?integer,wholenumber整数?positivewholenumber正整数?negativewholenumber负整数??consecutivenumber连续整数?realnumber,rationalnumber实数,有理数?irrational（number）无理数??inverse倒数?compositenumber合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……?primenumber质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal倒数??commondivisor公约数?multiple倍数?(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数??(prime)factor(质)因子?commonfactor公因子??ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制?nonnegative非负的??tens十位?units个位??mode众数?median中数??commonratio公比??7.数列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列?geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列??approximate近似?(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向?cardinal基数?ordinal序数?directproportion正比?distinct不同的?estimation估计，近似?parentheses括号?proportion比例?permutation排列?combination组合?table表格?trigonometricfunction三角函数?unit单位,位?几何部分1.所有的角alternateangle内错角?correspondingangle同位角?verticalangle对顶角?centralangle圆心角?interiorangle内角?exteriorangle外角?supplementaryangles补角?complementaryangle余角?adjacentangle邻角?acuteangle锐角?obtuseangle钝角?rightangle直角?roundangle周角?straightangle平角?includedangle夹角??2.所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形?scalenetriangle不等边三角形?isoscelestriangle等腰三角形?righttriangle直角三角形?oblique斜三角形?inscribedtriangle内接三角形??3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆?concentriccircles同心圆?quadrilateral四边形?pentagon五边形?hexagon六边形?heptagon七边形?octagon八边形?nonagon九边形?decagon十边形?polygon多边形?parallelogram平行四边形?equilateral等边形?plane平面?square正方形，平方?rectangle长方形?regularpolygon正多边形?rhombus菱形?trapezoid梯形??4.其它平面图形arc弧?line,straightline直线?linesegment线段?parallellines平行线?segmentofacircle弧形??5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数?rectangularsolid长方体?regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面体?circularcylinder圆柱体?cone圆锥?sphere球体?solid立体的??6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高?depth深度?side边长?circumference,perimeter周长?radian弧度?surfacearea表面积?volume体积?arm直角三角形的股?crosssection横截面?centerofacircle圆心?chord弦?radius半径?anglebisector角平分线?diagonal对角线?diameter直径?edge棱?faceofasolid立体的面?hypotenuse斜边?includedside夹边?leg三角形的直角边?medianofatriangle三角形的中线?base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数）?opposite直角三角形中的对边?midpoint中点?endpoint端点?vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点?tangent切线的?transversal截线?intercept截距??7.有关坐标coordinatesystem坐标系?rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系?origin原点?abscissa横坐标?ordinate纵坐标?numberline数轴?quadrant象限?slope斜率?complexplane复平面??8.其它planegeometry平面几何?trigonometry三角学?bisect平分?circumscribe外切?inscribe内切?intersect相交?perpendicular垂直?pythagoreantheorem勾股定理?congruent全等的?multilateral多边的?1.单位类cent美分?penny一美分硬币?nickel5美分硬币?dime一角硬币?dozen打（12个）?score廿(20个)?Centigrade摄氏?Fahrenheit华氏?quart夸脱?gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)?yard码?meter米?micron微米?inch英寸?foot英尺?minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)?squaremeasure平方单位制?cubicmeter立方米?pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)??2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalaryyear(leapyear)闰年(366天)?commonyear平年(365天)?depreciation折旧?downpayment直接付款?discount打折?margin利润?profit利润?interest利息?simpleinterest单利?compoundedinterest复利?dividend红利?decreaseto减少到?decreaseby减少了?increaseto增加到?increaseby增加了?denote表示?listprice标价?markup涨价?percapita每人?ratio比率?retailprice零售价?tie打Chapteronefunctionnotation方程符号函数符号quadraticfunctions二次函数quadraticequations二次方程式二次等式chaptertwoEquivalentalgebraicexpressions等价代数表达式rationalexpression有理式有理表达式horizontalandverticaltranslationoffunctions函数的水平和垂直的平移reflectionsoffunctions函数的倒映映射chapterthreeExponentialfunctions指数函数exponentialdecay指数式衰减exponent指数propertiesofexponentialfunctions指数函数的特性chapterfourTrigonometry三角学Reciprocaltrigonometricratios倒数三角函数比Trigonometricfunctions三角函数Discretefunctions离散函数数学mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)被加数augend,summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islessert