Unit3Learningaboutlanguage人教版选修八

高二人教新课标版选修八Unit3InventorsandinventionsLearningaboutLanguageDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsEXAMPLE:n.adj.convenienceconvenient;independenceindependent1Ingroupsmakewordpairswiththesamesuffix.Addmoreofyourown.n.adj.cubebasefancymercystaincarecautionpoisioncubicbasicfancifulmercifulstainlesscarelesscautiouspoisonousv.n.expectrelaxproducereduceidentifysatisfyexpectationrelaxationproductionreductionidentificationsatisfactionadj.v.stronglongfreezingdisappointingstrengthenlengthenfreezedisappoint2Replacetheunderlinedpartswithwordsthathavethesamemeaning.Rewritethesentencewhennecessary.1.Thegreengroceratthecornerisprobablytheeasiestandnearesttoreach.2.Ifyouwanttoapplyforacreditcard,youmustprovideofficiallyacceptableidentification.mostconvenientvalid3.Youneedtoapproachthatanimalwithgreatcareasitmaybite.4.Sheacceptseverythingduringmeetingsanddoesnotcontributetodiscussionsatall.5.Ifoundhisphonenumberinthedirectoryandtriedtotelephonehimlastnight,buttherewasnoreply.LaterIfoundIdialedthewrongnumber.cautionispassivecall/ringhimup6.Idon’tthinkofmyhometownverymuch,onlysometimes.7.LuckilytherainfallstoppedsuddenlybeforeIleft.8.Inacourtroomitissometimesdifficulttorecognizewhoisinnocentandwhoisguilty.nowandthenabruptlydistinguish3Completethepassageusingthecorrectformofthewordsorphrasebelow.fileabruptlyvalidproductseizeperfumecriterionsetaboutWhenIfirstappliedforapatentIwasverypuzzledbythe_______.Ihadproducedanewtypeoflily.Iwasamazedwhenmyapplicationwas________refused.Thepatentofficerdealingwithmy____explainedtomethatanewplantvarietyisnota_______inventionasitisaresultofadjustinggrowthscientifically.criteriaabruptlyfilevalidHowever,shesuggestedthatIshouldproducea________frommynewlily.Withherencouragement,Idecidedto______theopportunitytomakearealinvention,soI_________mystudiesondevelopingmy________,forwhichIhopeIwillsucceedinapplyingforapatent.setaboutseizeperfumeproductKeysinP65WorkbookamusingamusedconfusingconfusedsurprisedsurprisinginspiredinspiringshockingshockedKeystoexercise2onp65confusedconfusingshockedshockingsurprisedsurprisingamusingamuseddisappointingdisappointedinspiringinspiredGrammar动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作表语动词-ed形式作宾语补足语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(theParticipleAdjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如：一、动词-ed形式作定语spokenEnglish英语口语icedbeer冰冻啤酒cookedfood熟食friedchips炸土豆条但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如:boiledwater(开水);fallenleaves(落叶)therisensun(升起的太阳)等。Thetallmanisareturnedstudent．高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。Myparentsarebothretiredteachers．我的父母都是退休教师。(1)前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintobuilding.激动的人们冲进大楼。(=thepeoplewhowereexcited)Losttimecanneverbefoundagain.虚度的时光,无法挽回。(=timewhichislost)e.g.Thebooksleftareformystudents．(2)后置定语①少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语。剩下的书是给我的学生的。②动词-ed形式短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面,在意思上相当于一个定语从句。Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?(=thathasbeenplannedfortonight)今晚有什么活动吗?Themeeting,attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess．这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功。(=whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople)高考链接1)Mostoftheartists_____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.(MET90)A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited2)Thefirsttextbooks_____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET94)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenAD3)TheOlympicgames,_______in776BC,didn’tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying4)Pricesofdailyfoods______throughacomputercanbelowerthanpricesinstores.(2002年全国春）A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buyingCB5)Mr.Smith,____ofthespeech,startedtoreada____novel.(2003北京春)A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boringA过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意,而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter．看完信后，他显得很忧虑。Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved．当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea．听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。二、动词-ed形式作表语Iwasverypleasedatthenews．听了这消息我很高兴。Hegrewmuchtiredofthework．他十分厌倦这工作。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。作表语的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修饰。1)Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.(NMET98)A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay2)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.(NEMT2001)A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed高考链接CC3)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain____astheplanewasmakingalanding.(2004上海)A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseatingC三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback．她回来时发现有人破门而人。Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt．我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中,动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。Peoplefoundthegirlbeatenblackandblue.人们发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(宾语补足语)Thegirlwasfoundbeatenblackandblue．(主语补足语)(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。Wethoughtthegamelost．我们认为球赛输了。Ihaveneverheardhimspokenillofothers.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。Shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermind．她觉得心里轻松了些。Theyconsideredthemattersettled．他们认为这问题解决了。Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth．我每个月理一次发。Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood．他正努力使别人听懂自己。Sheheldhe