制造业务外包的风险分析与防范

上海交通大学硕士学位论文制造业务外包的风险分析与防范姓名：刘作政申请学位级别：硕士专业：工业工程指导教师：蔡建国;嵇砚生20030701iiiTheRiskAnalysisofManufacturingOutsourcingAbstract:“Make”or“Buy”isoneofthetoughestdecisionsfacedbyhigh-levelmanagerstoday,whichbringsimportantimpacttothecompetitiveadvantagesatmarketplaceandthelongtermcompetencesdevelopmentforacompany.“Buy”meansmanufacturingoutsourcing,whichhasbeenatendencyintheelectronicsmanufacturingindustry,especiallyafterthebubbleofweb-economybroke.Moreandmoremultinationalcompaniesbelievedthatmanufacturingoutsourcingbeashortcutleadingthecompanytogetridoftheoperationdifficulties.However,amongthecrowdedcompaniesheadingtooutsourcing,fewerofthemreallyreachedthegoalofbusinessimprovement,whilemostoftherestarestillstrugglingon.Althoughuncertaintyofthemarketingenvironmentandshorterandshorteroftheproductlifecyclearethemaindrivestomanufacturingoutsourcing,improperoutsourcingmaybringonaseriesofoperationrisks,suchasservicerisk,liabilityrisk,andqualityrisk,andfurtherhurtthebasewhichacompanyreliesonformarketingcompetitionandlong-termdevelopment.Afteranalyzingofthecompetenceswhichmanufacturingactivitieshave,andtheimportanceofthecompetencestocompany’scompetitivestrategy,wefurtheranalyzedtheimpactofthefactorsofcost,technology,andmarkettomanufacturingbusinessstrategydecision.AnABC(ActivityBasedCosting)costingmodelisgivenforgain-lossanalysisforaspecificoutsourcingprojectbyconstructthecoststructuretoreflectthesignificanttransactioncost.Aproducttechnologyvs.manufacturingcapabilitymatrix,whichconsiderthetechnologiccharacteristicsofaproductandtherelativemanufacturingcapabilitythecompanyowns,isproposedforoutsourcingdecisionmaking.Topreventtherisksfromhappening,acompanymustsetupanoutsourcingmanagementprocessthroughstrictevaluationtotheoutsourcingproposaltopreventtheexposureofthecorecompetencetoexternalcompetitors,andtoselectapropermanufacturingservicepartnerwhichwellfitintotheproductcharacteristicsthroughsystematicassessment.Whilethecompanyneedstodevelopaproperpartnershipwithitsmanufacturingserviceprovider,italsoneedstorestructureitsinternalprocessflowstofitintothestrategicchange.Thestudytothreewellknowniiitelecommunicationequipmentmanufacturersindicatesthatthemanufacturingstrategyhassignificantimpacttocompany’sprofitabilityandthelongtermdevelopment.KeyWords:corecompetence,manufacturingoutsourcing,supplychainmanagement,riskanalysis123EMS41-2567891011121314151617181920CQQBCF03-1-212223(IT)(IT)242526273-328293-43031IBM323334354-136373839404142OEM-EMSIBMIntel43IBM12443104546471970198019902000*********48495051525354551990200156575859601.Quinn,JamesBrianandHilmer,FrederickG.:MakeversusBuy:StrategicOutsourcingloanManagementReview,Summer1994.2.TECHNOLOGYFORECASTERSRELEASESREVISEDEMSFORECASTTechnologyForecastersPress.August22,2002.3.Gordon,Peter:FASTER,MOREPROFITABLEESTIMATIONPROCESSFOROUTSOURCINGCOSTS,QuarterlyForumforElectronicsManufacturingOutsourcingandSupplyChainforum,June3,20024.McElroy,Jim&Walker,Rod:RestructuringoftheElectronicsIndustryAnchorsontheSlipperySlopeofOutsourcingProcurement,SupplyChainManagement&SupportingTechnology,Issue3,20005.Fine,CharlesH.andWhitney,DanielE.:ISTHEMAKE-BUYDECISIONPROCESSACORECOMPETENCE?MITCenterforTechnology,Policy,andIndustrialDevelopment,February19966.Fisher,LawrenceM.:FromVerticaltoVirtualstrategy+businessissue227.Dunne,Keith:SupplyChainTrendsSupportEMSGrowthDecember2000ElectronicOutsourcing,ElectronicManufacturerandTestonline,:EconomiesofScale:ElectronicsManufacturingServicesBringBalanceMD&DIAugust19999.Krizo,Shannon:ElectronicManufacturingServicesCaliforniaTechnologyStockLetter,March16,2001,issue#48510.Bengtsson,Lars:OUTSOURCINGMANUFACTURING–ANANALYSISOFALEARNINGDILEMMA,Proceedingsofthe4thInternationalQMODConference,12-14September,2001,Sweden,424-43311.Doig,StevenandRitter,J.Ronaldetc.:HasOutsourcingGoneTooFar?TheMcKinseyQuarterly,2001,#412.Agrawal,Niti:TheMedicalElectronicsMarket:SpecialNeedsandCertifications.QuarterlyForumforElectronicsManufacturingOutsourcingandSupplyChainforum,June3,2002.13.Souza,Crista:Anotherconflictflaresinsupplychain,EBNJan24,2002URL::TheCoreCompetencesofCorporationHarvardBusinessReview,May-June199015.Coyne,KevinP.;Hall,StevenJ.D.andClifford,PatriciaGorman:Isyourcorecompetenceamirage?TheMcKinseyQuarterly,1997number1.16.Calcagno,Monica:TheEvolutionoftheCompetitiveAdvantageConceptinStrategicManagementStudies.DepartmentofManagementandBusinessAdministration,Ca’FoscariUniversity,Venezia17.Chase,RichardB.etal:ProductionandOperationManagement,ManufacturingandServices,p28.ISBN7-111-06600-6,1998,McGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.18.Lakhal,Salem;Martel,Alainetc.:Ontheoptimizationofsupplychainnetworkingdecision,EuropeanJournalofOperationalResearch,129(2001)259-27019.Kogut,Bruce,WhartonSchool,UniversityofPennsylvania,andKulatilaka,Nalin,SchoolofManagement,BostonUniversity:Strategy,Heuristics,andRealOption.20.Heywood.J.Brian:TheOutsourcingDilemma,PublishedbyFinancialTimesPrenticeHall,ISBN