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学习必备欢迎下载初中英语总复习知识点归纳陕西省丹凤县龙驹中学张增2018年5月24日冠词a/an的用法a用于辅音音素前ausefulbook,auniversity,a“u”Onceaweekhaveaswim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/resthaveacold/headache/fever/coughhaveagoodtimehaveatryinahurryafterawhilekeepadiarygoforawalkinaminuteinawordinashortwhilean则用于元音音素前anhour,anhonestboy,an“AEFHILMNORSX”keepaneyeon定冠词the的用法:1)特指双方都明白的人或物:Givemethebook.2)上文提到过的人或事:---Doyouknowtheladyinblue?–Yes,sheisateacherofauniversity.3)指世上独一物二的事物thesun(sky/moon/earth/world/nature/universe)4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:thedollar美元;Thelionisawildanimal.或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:therich/poor/blind/aged/living/impossible5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:Iliveonthesecondfloor.6)用在表示身体部位的名词前:Shecaughtmebythearm.7)用在表示乐器和表方位的名词之前:Sheplaysthepiano\violin\guitarinthenorthofChina8)用在普通名词构成专有名词前:thePeople'sRepublicofChinatheUnitedStatestheGreatWalltheSummerPalace9)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:theGreensareplayingthepiano.10)intheday,inthemorning(afternoon,evening),inthemiddle(of),intheend,allthetimeatthesametimeonthewhole,bytheway,gotothecinemaatheageofsixatthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcenturyontheothersideofatthemomentthedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky(water,field,country)inthedark,intherain,不用定冠词的情况1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:China,Europe欧洲LeiFeng雷锋学习必备欢迎下载2)物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母。3)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;Children’sDayMother’sDayFather’sDay4)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;Heiscaptainoftheteam.5)在三餐、四季,球类运动、学科、娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词如:havebreakfast/supper/lunch,playbasketball/football/volleyball/chess,inspring/summer/autumn/winter6)当by与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;bybus/train/taxi/bus/ship7)DayandnightfacetofacesidebysidestepbystepwatchTVatschool/work/homeatfirst/lastindangerintroubleonfootondutyonwatchinbedontimeintimegotoschoolgotoworkbytaxi/bikeatnoonatnightonTVattown部分词组有无冠词的区别inhospital生病住院inthehospital在医院里infrontof在---的前面inthefrontof在----内部的前面gotoschool上学gototheschool到学校去anumberof=alotof许多,谓语动词用复数。Thenumberof----的数目,----的总数,谓语动词用单数(第三人称单数)名词:专有名词和普通名词(个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词)可数名词的单数变复数①一般情况加s②以s,xshch,等结尾的词加-esbus-buseswatch-watches③以o结尾的名词,无生命的加s,如:photo---photospiano---pianos有生命的es,如:potato--potatoestomato--tomatoes均可,如:zero---zeros/zeroes④以f或fe结尾的名词,去f,fe加ves,如:half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves(加s,如:belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs;)⑤以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加esbaby---babies⑥不规则:a.单复数形式一样。Sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese.People,police,scissors,trousersb.其他的。foot—feettooth---teethchild—childrenmouse---miceman---menwoman---womenbusinessman---businessmenGerman---Germanswomendoctors集体名词:People,police,(一般表示一个整体,谓用复数)class,family,glasses不可数名词:常见的不可数名词有:information,news,room(空间),work,work,weather,advice,bread,food,milk,tea,ice,glasses,meat①Alittle,abitof,some,much,alotof,quitealotof常修饰不可数名词.②不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。③如果用and连接两个不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Timeandmoneyare-④Acup\glass\bottle\box\kilo\group\crowd\class\pairofTwoandahalfkilosof=twokilosandahalfof学习必备欢迎下载名词所有格在英语中有些名词可以加's来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:ateacher'sbook。名词所有格的规则如下:1)单数名词词尾加's,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加's,如theboy'sbag,men'sroomChildren’sDayMother’sDayFather’sDay2)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加',如:Teachers’Dayladies’roomtwentyminutes’walk3)凡不能加's的名词,都可以用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系,如:thetitleofthesong歌的名字;Apictureoffamily;amapofChina4)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:thebarber's理发店。5)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示分别有;只有一个's,则表示'共有'。John'sandMary'sroom(两间)JohnandMary'sroom(一间)6)复合名词或短语,'s加在最后一个词的词尾。如:amonthortwo'sabsence7)双重所有格afriendofmine/hers/his/theirsafriendofMary’smother’s代词1、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词I—me—my—mine—myselfyou—you—your—yourself(yourselves)he—him—his—his—himselfshe—her—her—hers—herselfit—it—its—its—itselfwe—us—our—ours—ourselvesthey—them—their—theirs—themselves人称顺序you,he,she,I;we,you,they主格作主语;宾格作宾语,动词和介词之后通常作宾格;形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,通常放在名词之前;名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词,“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属关系。Afriendofmine我的一位朋友;teacherofhers她的老师代词it的用法:①指代前面提到过的事物。②表天气。③表距离。④指婴儿和不明身份的人。---John,someoneinyourclassphonedyouthismorning.---Oh,whowasit?⑤用作形式主语。It’skind/good/nice/clever/polite/foolishofsb.todosth.It’simportant/necessary/possible/easy/difficultforsbtodosth,It’stimetogetup.It’stimeforlunch.It’sone’sturntodoItseemsthatIttakessb.sometimetodosth.⑥用作形式宾语。Find/think/feel+it+adj+todosthItone的区别It特指上文提到的同一对象,同一事物。one同类而不同一。that常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复。反身代词构成规则:一、二物主,三为宾。学习必备欢迎下载运用:hurt/teach/wash/buy/enjoyoneselfby/Helponeself(oneselves)to---/Lookafteroneself/Saytooneself/Cometooneself2、不定代词little,alittle,few,afew=several(some),some,anymuch,toomuch,muchtoo,morethen=over,lessthan=nearlysomething某事,某物,用于肯定句。注意:⑴由复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。Everyoneishere.⑵修饰不定代词的形容词后置。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.⑶在反意疑问句中,表示人的复合代词在陈述句中作主语时,附加问句中的主语用he或they,表物的用it。anything任何事物,某事物,用于否定句、疑问句。everything每件事,一切事物,用于各种句型。nothing没什么,没有任何东西。=not----anythingsomebody某人,有人=someoneanybody任何人(用于否定句、疑问句,条件从句中)nobody没有人little,几乎没有,表示否定意思,用以修饰不可数名词。Alittle①一点点,表示肯定,用以修饰不可数名词。Onlyalittle仅一点点.②也可修饰形容词和副词。③一点点,放在动词、动词宾语后。few几乎没有,表示否定意思,用以修饰可数名词。afew=several几个,一些,表示肯定意思,用以修饰可数名词。some一些,修饰可数名词,后跟复数形式
本文标题:最新版初中英语总复习知识点归纳(基本全了)
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