《英国文学选读》教案

《英国文学选读》教案1《英国文学选读》教学大纲GoalsandPurposesToletthestudentsseethesignificanceofliterature;ToletthestudentshavethegeneralimpressionofBritishliteratureMainContentsMainplot/GeneralclueofEnglishliteratureKeysandObstaclesTogettoknowthegeneralclueoftheBritishhistoryandBritishliteraryhistoryTogettoknowsomekeytermsandwell-knownworksandthewritersTeachingMethodsandStrategiesOpenquestionsandanswersinclassClassdiscussionandanalysisMainBodyI.GeneralIntroduction1.Warming-upquestions:1)HowmuchdoyouknowaboutEnglishliterature?2)Whydowelearnliterature?—Agoodwaytoimprovethelanguage-learningitself;agoodwaytobroadenthesphereofknowledge;toprovokedeep-thinkingandtoprovidedifferentwaystolookatlifeandtheworld;toenhanceone’sunderstandingofhistory,politics,cultureandtheminiatureofthesociety;toenrichone’slifeandimproveone’squality;toimproveone’sinsightintohumancharacter…Wordsusedtodescribeliterature:artistic,beautiful,emotional,expressive,imitating,imaginative,informative,instructive,pleasing,passionate,reflective,valuable2.Mainplot/GeneralclueofEnglishliterature:EnglishliteraturebeganwiththeAnglo-SaxonsettlementinEngland.ThestudyofEnglishliteratureusuallybeginswiththeAnglo-SaxonepicpoemBeowulf.TheAnglo-SaxonsfirstbroughttoEnglandtheGermaniclanguageandculture.AftertheNormanConquestin1066,theNormansboughttoEnglandafreshwaveofMediterraneancivilization,whichincludesGreekculture,Romanlaw,andtheChristianreligion.ItistheculturalinfluencesofthesetwoconqueststhatprovidethesourcefortheriseandgrowthofEnglishliterature.TheEnglishatthattimewascalledOldEnglish,whichisquitehardtorecognizetoday.GeoffreyChaucer,fatherofEnglishliterature,isagreatrepresentativeoftheMediaevalAge.He’sthefirstpersontouseEnglishtowritestories.BythetimeofQueenElizabethI’sreign(1558-1603),Englishwasbasicallyasitistoday.IntheworksofShakespeareandlaterintheKingJamesversionoftheBible,Englishreacheditspeakofpurityandbeauty.Inallthecenturiessince,theEnglishlanguagehasundergonegradualchanges.Shakespearelivesinthisagebuthebelongstoallages.Heisthegreatestplaywrightandpoet.HismasterfulplayshavedominatedEnglish-speakingstageseversincetheywerewritten.Theyhavebeentranslatedintoeverymajorlanguage.Amongallhis38plays,the《英国文学选读》教案2well-knownfourgreatesttragediesare:Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.The17thcenturywitnessestheGreatRevolutioninEngland.Inthisperiod,JohnMiltonfinishedwritinghismasterpiecesParadiseLost,Paradiseregained,andSamsonAgonistesafterhebecameblind.The18thcenturyEnglishliteratureismarkedbyaratherlargeshiftfromthemoodandtoneofthe17thcentury.Inthisperiod,JonathanSwiftwasoneofthegreatestfigures.HisGulliver’sTravelsnotonlysatirizedthepoliticalcirclebutalsoentertainedmanychildrenwithhisfantasticstories.DanielDefoe,fatherofEnglishnovels,wasalsoworthmentioning.RobinsonCrusoeisthemostfamoustaleofshipwreckandsolitarysurvivalinallliterature.Roughlythefirstthirdofthe19thcenturymakesupEnglishliterature’sromanticperiod.Writersofromanticliteraturearemoreconcernedwithimaginationandemotionthanwiththepowerofreason,whichmarkedthe18thcentury.WordsworthandColeridgepublishedtheirLyricalBalladsin1798,whichwascalledromanticpoetry’sDeclarationofIndependence.TogetherwithRobertSouthey,theywerecalled“LakePoets”sinceallofthemlivedintheLakeDistrictandadmirednatureverymuch.Byron,KeatsandShellyareallwell-knownfiguresinthisperiod.JaneAustenwastheonlyfamouswomannovelist,withhergracefulnovels,likeSenseandSensibility,PrideandPrejudice,andEmma.TheromanticperiodshadesgraduallyintotheVictorianage,whichtakesitsnamefromQueenVictoria.Shecametothethronein1837andreigneduntil1901.Historicalandphilosophicalwritingcontinuedtoflourishalongwithpoetryandfiction.Atthesametime,satireandprotestagainstevilsinsocietybecamestrongelements.AmongthefamousnovelistsofthetimewerethecriticalrealistslikeCharlesDickens,WilliamMakepeaceThackeray,andBrontesisters.InCharlesDickens’novels,hecombinesararecomicgiftandapowertoreducethereaderstotears.ThomasHardylivedwellintothe20thcentury,butdidhismajorworkasanovelistinthe19thcentury,asapoethebelongstothe20th.20thcenturyisthemostdifficulttosummarize.Ithaswitnessedwarsandrevolutions.AndthepostwareconomicdislocationandspiritualdisillusionproducedaprofoundimpactupontheBritishpeople,whocametoseetheprevalentwretchednessincapitalism.Britainsufferedheavylossesinthewar:thousandsofpeoplewerekilled;theeconomywasruined;andalmostallitsformercolonieswerelost.Thesun-never-setEmpirefinallycollapsed.20thcenturyhasmarkedtheendoftheBritishEmpire.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,variousideasandtheorieshavebeenprintedorpassedon,throughnewspapers,radioandTV.KarlMarxandFriedrichEngelsputforwardthetheoryofscientificsocialism;Darwin’stheoryofevolutioncausedmanypeopletolosetheirreligiousfaith;thesocialDarwinism,underthecoverof“survivalofthefittest”,stronglyadvocatedcolonialismandjingoism;Freud’sanalyticalpsychologydrasticallyalteredpeople’sconceptionofhumannature;FriedrichNietzschewentfurtheragainstrationalismbyadvocatingthedoctrinesofpowerandsupermanandbycompletelyrejectingtheChristianmorality.Allinall,modernis