大学英语精读Unit-2-Fruitful-Questions

Unit2FruitfulQuestionscreativityissodelicateaflowerthatpraisetendstomakeitbloomwhilediscouragementoftennipsitatthebud.----AlexOsbornBeforeReading_1Warm-upQuestions1.Lookatthethreepicturesofanorange,atomatoandastrawberry.Whichonedoesnotbelongtothesamegroupastheothertwo?Why?2.Doyouthinkit’simportanttodevelopstudents’abilitytoseethingsinfreshways?Whyorwhynot?UsefulExpressions1.直线型思维linearthinking2.改变模式shiftparadigms3.重新审视相关因素refocusparameters4.给出非常自以为是的答案deliverone’ssmuganswer5.与某人争论arguewithsb.6.宇宙的中心thecenteroftheuniverse7.地球中心学anEarth-centeredsystem8.寻求；追索questfor9.暴露于……beexposedto…10.（给人）接种疫苗vaccinatesb.against…11.感染（疾病）contract(adisease)12.提出；使注意bringup13.社会的演变发展theevolutionofthesociety14.大声要求或抗议clamorfor15.快速获得instantaccessto16.不断增长的ever-growing17.下载资料数据downloadvolumesofdata18.信息高速公路thesuperinformationhighway19.惊天动地的Earth-shattering20.发现信息uncoverinformation21.预防性药品preventivemedicine22.收集信息accumulateinformationBeforeReading_3SesameStreetBeforeReading_3.1SesameStreetSesameStreetisaneducationalAmericanchildren’stelevisionseriesdesignedforpreschoolers,andisrecognizedasapioneerofthecontemporarystandardwhichcombineseducationandentertainmentinchildren’stelevisionshows.ItisproducedintheUnitedStatesbySesameWorkshop,andbroadcastedonNovember10,1969ontheNationalEducationalTelevisionnetwork.Becauseofitspositiveinfluence,SesameStreethasearnedthedistinctionofbeingtheforemostandmosthighlyregardededucatorofchildrenintheworld.Notelevisionserieshasmatcheditslevelofrecognitionandsuccessontheinternationalstage.Theoriginalserieshasbeentelevisedin120countries,andmorethan20internationalversionshavebeenproduced.Initslongandillustrioushistory,SesameStreethasreceivedmoreEmmyAwardsthananyotherprogram,andhascapturedtheallegiance,esteem,andaffectionofmillionsofviewersworldwide.BeforeReading_5Häagen-DazsandReubenMattusReubenMattus,ayoungentrepreneurwithapassionforqualityandavisionforcreatingthefinesticecream,workedinhismother’sicecreambusinesssellingfruiticeandicecreampopsfromahorsedrawnwagoninthebustlingstreetsoftheBronx,NewYork.Toproducethefinesticecreamavailable,heinsistedonusingonlythefinest,purestingredients.BeforeReading_5_ReubenMattusThefamilybusinessgrewandprosperedthroughoutthe1930s,40sand50s,andby1961Mr.Mattusdecidedtoformanewcompanydedicatedtohisicecreamvision.HecalledhisnewbrandHäagen-Dazs,toconveyanauraoftheold-worldtraditionsandcraftsmanshiptowhichheremaineddedicated.Häagen-Dazsstartedoutwithonlythreeflavors:vanilla,chocolateandcoffee.ButMr.Mattus’passionforqualitysoontookhimtothefourcornersoftheglobe.TheHäagen-Dazsbrandquicklydevelopedaloyalfollowing.Thenin1976,Mr.Mattus’daughterDorisopenedthefirstHäagen-Dazsshop.Itwasanimmediatesuccess,anditspopularityledtoarapidexpansionofHäagen-Dazsshopsacrossthecountry.BeforeReading_6_1EdwardJenner:apioneerinvaccinationEdwardJennerwasanEnglishcountrydoctorwhopioneeredvaccination.EdwardJennerwasbornonMay17,1749inthesmallvillageofBerkeleyinGloucestershire.FromanearlyageJennerwasakeenobserverofnatureandafternineyearsasasurgeon’sapprenticehewenttoSt.George’sHospital,Londontostudyanatomy(解剖学)andsurgeryundertheprominentsurgeonJohnHunter.Aftercompletinghisstudies,hereturnedtohishometownBerkeleytosetupamedicalpracticewherehestayeduntilhisdeathin1823.BeforeReading_6_1.1Intheeighteenthcentury,beforeJenner,smallpoxwasakillerdisease,aswidespreadascancerorheartdiseasesinthetwentiethcenturybutwiththedifferencethatthemajorityofitsvictimswereinfantsandyoungchildren.EdwardJennerpioneeredvaccination.Jenner’sdiscoveryin1796thatvaccinationwithcowpoxgaveimmunity(免疫)tosmallpox,wasanimmensemedicalbreakthroughandhassavedcountlesslives.In1980,asaresultofJenner’sdiscovery,theWorldHealthAssemblyofficiallydeclared“theworldanditspeoples”freefromendemicsmallpox.NicolasCopernicusBornonFeb.19,1473,inThorn(Torun),Poland,Copernicusissaidtobethefounderofmodernastronomy.Thesonofaprosperousmerchant,hewasraisedafterhisfather’sdeathbyamaternaluncle.Attheageofnineteen,hewassenttotheUniversityofKrakowtostudymathematics,optics(光学)andcanon(基督教教规)lawinItaly.In1530,CopernicuscompletedandgavetotheworldhisgreatworkDeRevolutionibus,whichassertedthattheearthrotatedonitsaxis(地轴线)oncedailyandtraveledaroundthesunonceyearly.ConcerningQuestions1.Whatwasthequestionthefatheraskedhischildren?2.Whatwastheanswerthechildrenwereexpectedtoanswer?3.Whatweretheanswersthechildrensupplied?4.Didthefatherthinktheiranswerscorrect?whyorwhynot?5.Didhethinkhischildren'sthinkingimportant?Citeevidencefromthetexttosupportyourview.6.Towhatdoesthefatherconnecthischildren’sthinking?7.WhatdidCopernicusdotodeservetoberememberedasoneoftheworld’sgreatestastronomers?8.WhatdidEdwardJennerdoinanefforttoconquersmallpox?9.Whatdidtheauthor’schildrendotodeservetobeconsideredasgoodasgreatfigureslikeCopernicusinaway?PartdivisionPartI(1-5):Theauthor’schildrenteachhimaboutparadigmshiftsPartII(6-8):ThreeexamplesofshiftingoldparadigmsinhistoryPartIII(9-12):Theimportanceofshiftingoldparadigms.PartIV(13):Theauthorencouragespeopletolookatinformationinanewway.1.shift:n.1)achangei