【小站教育】GRE 阅读真题

阅读(No.2—No.9)No.2-1SECTIONAExtendeddebateconcerningtheexactpointoforiginofindividualfolktalestoldbyAfro-Americanslaveshasunfortunatelytakenprecedenceoveranalysisofthetales’meaningandfunction.CulturalcontinuitieswithAfricawerenotdependentonimportationandperpetuationofspecificfolktalesintheirpristineform.ItisintheplacethattalesoccupiedinthelivesoftheslavesandinthemeaningslavesderivedfromthemthattheclearestresemblancestoAfricantraditioncanbefound.Afro-AmericanslavesdidnotborrowtalesindiscriminatelyfromtheWhitesamongwhomtheylived.BlackpeopleweremostinfluencedbythoseEuro-Americantaleswhosefunctionalmeaningandaestheticappealhadthegreatestsimilaritytothetaleswithdeeprootsintheirancestralhomeland.Regardlessofwhereslavetalescamefrom,theessentialpointisthat,withrespecttolanguage,delivery,detailsofcharacterization,andplot,slavesquicklymadethemtheirown.17.TheauthorclaimsthatmoststudiesoffolktalestoldbyAfro-Americanslavesareinadequatebecausethestudies(A)failtorecognizeanypossibleEuro-Americaninfluenceonthefolktales(B)donotpayenoughattentiontothefeaturesofafolktalethatbestrevealanAfricaninfluence(C)overestimatethenumberoffolktalesbroughtfromAfricabytheslaves(D)donotconsiderthefactthatafolktalecanbechangedasitisretoldmanytimes(E)oversimplifythediverseandcomplextraditionsoftheslavesancestralhomeland18.Theauthor’smainpurposeisto(A)createanewfieldofstudy(B)discreditanexistingfieldofstudy(C)changethefocusofafieldofstudy(D)transplantscholarlytechniquesfromonefieldofstudytoanother(E)restrictthescopeofaburgeoningnewfieldofstudy19.Thepassagesuggeststhattheauthorwouldregardwhichofthefollowingareasofinquiryasmostlikelytorevealtheslaves’culturalcontinuitieswithAfrica?(A)ThemeansbywhichBlacksdisseminatedtheirfolktalesin(B)Specificregionaldifferencesinthestylesofdeliveryusedbytheslavesintellingfolktales(C)ThefunctionalmeaningofBlackfolktalesinthelivesofWhitechildrenraisedbyslave(D)Thespecificwaytheslavesusedfolktalestoimpartmoralteachingtotheirchildren(E)Thecomplexitiesofplotthatappearmostfrequentlyintheslaves’tales20.Whichofthefollowingtechniquesisusedbytheauthorindevelopingtheargumentinthepassage?(A)Givingaclichéanewmeaning(B)Pointedlyrefusingtodefinekeyterms(C)Alternatelypresentinggeneralitiesandconcretedetails(D)Concludingthepassagewitharestatementofthefirstpointmadeinthepassage(E)JuxtaposingstatementsofwhatisnotthecaseandstatementsofwhatisthecaseTheenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecoverysystems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,wherehighratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,however,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.Asaresultofrecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeingdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDR’s,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludedcrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃,isatdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100℃maybeusefulforspaceheating;however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200℃aredesirable.Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachadesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.(Therearemanyareas,however,for)IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22℃perkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifweconservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2percentisrecoverable,wefindatotalofallthecoalremainingintheUnitedStates.Theremainingproblemistobalancetheeconomicsofdeeper,hotter,morecostlywellsandshallower,cooler,lessexpensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproduct,electricityand/orheat.21.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto(A)alertreaderstotheexistenceofHDR’sasanavailableenergysource(B)documentthechallengersthathavebeensurmountedintheefforttorecoverenergyfromHDR’s(C)warntheusersofcoalandoilth