原创选修八知识点unit3_Inventors_and_inventions

Unit3InventorsandinventionsWordsandexpressions考纲知识预览重点单词短语calluphangonnowandthengetthroughsetaboutringbackseizeringofffileoutoforderbeardistinguishdiveintosetouttodotap五星级重点知识讲解1.callup给…打电话；使想起…；叫醒某人;征召某人入伍；提出…供考虑；(1)Hecalledupthemuseum.他往博物馆打了电话。(2)Thetoyscalledupthememoriesofhischildhood.这些玩具唤起了他童年的回忆。(3)Pleasecallmeupat6o’clocktomorrowmorning.请明早六点叫醒我重点知识讲解（4）Theywerecalledupattheageofnineteen.他们十九岁时被征召入伍。（5）Theproposalregardingsafetyinproductionwascalledupintheconferencethismorning.有关安全生产的提案今天上午已在会上提出讨论。重点知识讲解短语扩展（1）与打电话有关的短语：ring/callback回复电话ringoff挂断电话givesb.aring给某人打电话sb.bewantedonthephone有某人的电话answerthephone接电话hang/holdon重点知识讲解（2）有关call的短语①callon/upon拜访某人(sb)；~…todo号召,请求/呼吁某人做某事ObamacalledontheworldtosanctionIran.奥巴马呼吁世界对伊朗进行制裁。②callatsomeplace访问某地；停靠某地③callsth.off取消；叫走；转移（注意力）e.g.Hehascalledoffthetrip.Callyourdogoff.Themusicinthenextclassroomcalledoffhisattentionfromhisteacher.重点知识讲解④callfor要求；需要；去接某人I’llcallforyouat8o’clock.Thisworkcallsforpatience.⑤callby(vi.)顺便拜访Couldyoucallbyonyourwayhome?你回家的时候，能顺路来一下吗?。Whenyoucomehereonbusinessnexttime,docallby.你下次出差来这里，一定要顺便来玩玩。重点知识讲解2.nowandthen：fromtimetotimeLaughNowandThen笑口常开Ihaveastrangefeeling~.短语扩展nowthat既然~youarehere,I’llhavetogo.重点知识讲解3.distinguishvi.&vt.区分；辨别；vt.使杰出(1)distinguishbetween...and...区分A和B(2)distinguish...from...辨别；使有别于(3)bedistinguishedfor...因……而出名(4)distinguishoneself(in/by/as)因…出名；使杰出重点知识讲解即学即用（1）你应学会明辨是非。Youshouldlearnto~betweenrightandwrong.Youshouldlearnto~rightfromwrong.（2）这对孪生儿长得很像，没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。Thetwinsaresoalikethatnoonecan~onefromtheother.重点知识讲解(3)她在艺术方面成就出众。Shedistinguishedherselfinthearts.(4)作为一名警察他以勇敢著称。Hedistinguishedhimselfasapolicemanbyhisbravery.(5)他的口音让他有别于其他男孩儿。Itishisaccentthat~shimfromotherboys.重点知识讲解词汇扩展：distinguishedadj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的;尊贵的~guests尊贵的客人们~professor著名的教授distinguishableadj.易分辨的，能区分的重点知识讲解4.setabout(doing)sth.开始，着手Wesetaboutcleaningthehouse.我们开始着手打扫房子。set的短语setup建立；设立；诬陷setaside把…放一边；抽出（时间）；驳回Trytosetasidesometimetovisithim.想办法拨出一些时间去拜访他。setoff点燃，引爆；发射；引起；动身(for)setoffachainreaction引起连锁反应重点知识讲解setdown放下(bags)；写下，记下；卸下某物；让（乘客）下车；制定(rules;laws)setout(todo/for)动身，出发；摆放Setoutthemealonthetable.把饭菜摆在桌上。setin（vi.）来临，到来；流行Therainyseasonhassetin.雨季已经开始了。setfireto放火setAinB=setB.withA用A镶嵌Bbeallsettodo/for准备就绪重点知识讲解5.seizevt.抓住；捉住；夺取vi.(on)抓住(1)~sb.by抓住某人某个部位Heseizedmebymyshoulder.(2)~theopportunity抓住机会(3)Theenemyhad~dtheairport.(4)Hewouldseizeuponanyexcuseforhisbeinglate.他会找各种借口为他的迟到辩解。重点知识讲解6.filevt.提交，归档；n.档案，文件夹(1)Pleasefile(away)thoselettersinadrawer.请把那些信件归档放入抽屉内。(2)Hehastofileasalesreport.他得提交一份销售报告。重点知识讲解7.bear:endure,stand,putupwith(口语，can/could搭配，否定/疑问)Hecan'tbeartobelaughedat/bearbeinglaughedat.他禁不住拿他取笑.词语扩展：(1)support(sb/sth);sustain支撑Theiceistoothintobearyourweight.冰太薄,承受不住你的重量.(2)takeresponsibility；shoulder负起（责任，费用cost等）;肩负:ThePresidenthastobeartheblame.总统难辞其咎.重点知识讲解8.diveinto(a)moveone'shandquicklyintosth迅速将手伸入某物中:diveintoone'spocket,briefcase,etc立即把手伸进衣袋﹑公事包等.(b)involveoneselfcompletelyinsth一心投入某事物:diveintoanewproject潜心钻研一个新项目.重点知识讲解9.tapn.水龙头；vt.&vi.轻拍，轻打tapwater自来水Theteachertappedmeonmyshoulder.老师轻轻地拍了下我的肩膀。Hetapped(on)thedoorandwentin.totapone'sfootonthefloor用脚轻敲地板重点知识讲解10.hangon=holdon(1)Hangontotherope,I’llliftyouup.(2)Hangon,I'llgiveyousomeimportantinformation.稍等一下，我给你提供一点重要的信息。(3)Ifyouhangon,youwillsucceedintheend.只要你坚持下去，你最终一定会成功的。重点知识讲解11.outoforder发生故障，次序颠倒(1)Ican'tmakeacall,asourphoneisoutoforder.我无法打电话，我们的电话坏了。(2)Theprocedureisoutoforder.短语补充：outof~出于，缺乏，在…外；越出outoflove/pity/mercy出于…outofreach够不到outof(the)questionoutofrepair/work/luck失修/失业/霉运outofsight,outofmind.眼不见，心不烦重点知识讲解12.getthrough通过(考试，法案，门)；熬过；做完(task，job)；接通电话；使…被理解(tosb)(1)Thewomanwassofatthatshecouldn'tgetthroughthedoorway.这女人胖得连门都通不过。(2)Johnhasgotthroughtheexamination.(3)Ican'tgetthroughtothisnumber.这个号码我打不通。重点知识讲解(4)Idon'tknowhowtheygetthroughthesecoldwinters.我不知道他们是如何熬过这些寒冷的冬天的。(5)Ithinkyoucangetthroughthefirsttwochapters.我想你能完成前两章。(6)Wecan'tgetitthroughtohimthatusingdrugsisbadforhishealth.我们没法使他明白吸毒对他健康的危害。重点知识讲解get短语：1.get（sb）into陷入…；进入…；染上（坏习惯）；从事；被录取~trouble陷入麻烦;~badhabitWecan'tgetanymorepeopleintothetrain.火车再也不能上人了。Hewaseagertogetintopolitics.他渴望从政。IwasworkinghardtogetintoYale.我为了能进入耶鲁大学而努力学习。重点知识讲解2.getup起床，站起来3.getin进来；进站；插话；被录取4.getout出去；(消息)被泄露；逃脱;出版5.getdown记下；下来；咽下；使沮丧6.getalong(wellwithsb)与…友好相处7.getback回来；恢复(tonormal)8.gettogether聚会，集合9.getto到达；开始（某事work）10getdowntobusiness开始干正事11.getdowntowork开始工作三星级单词知识讲解1.patentApplyfor~申请专利2.courtyardBackyard/frontyard前院/后院3.mercifuladj.(mercy【U】n.)Be~to/towardssb/sth.对…宽容Showmercytosb.对…仁慈Givesb.mercy宽恕某人Withoutmercy无情地Throwoneselfonsb’smercy请求…宽恕三星级单词知识讲解4.productn.产品producen.农产品productionn.生产；(文学、艺术、广播)产品5.perfume[pə‘fju:m]vt.使充满香水味Theairisperfumedwiththeroseflowers.空气中充满着玫瑰香味。6.stainlesssteel不锈钢7.WaterCube水立方重点知识讲解8.abrupt---abruptly~change突变；~slope陡坡Hestoppedabruptlyandlookedmyway.他突然停住，向我看了过来。9.itisconvenienttodosth.10.wi