Beijing-Opera(京剧)

BeijingOperaPart1:TheoriginofBeijingoperaPart2:TheprofessionandartisticformPart3:facialmakeupandcostumesPart4:FamouscharactersandcomparisonPart5:conclusioncontentsTheoriginofBeijingoperaAncientChineseOperaoriginatedinQingandHanDynasty,whichcamefromtraditionalsongsanddances,suchastheNuoplay(傩戏)andCommunity‘sFire(社火).DramaformedmaturedinYuanDynastyandYuanZajuisasignofmaturityofChineseclassicaldrama.DouEYuan,byGuanHanQing,isoneoftherepresentativesofYuanZaju.BeijingOperaAnhuitroupes1790Hubeitroupes1828FullyformedBy1845In1790s,fourwell-knownoperagroupsfromAnhuiprovinceheadedtoBeijingtocelebrate80thbirthdayoftheQianlongEmperorandthenAnhuiOpera(徽剧)integrated(整合)withShanxiOpera(秦腔)andKunquOpera(昆剧)TheyarenamedSanqing(三庆班)Sixi(四喜班)Hechun(和春班)andChuntai(春台班)In1828,someoperagroupsfromHubeiprovincearrivedinBeijingandthentheErhuang(二黄)TonemergedwithXipi(西皮)ToneofHubeiforminganewtypeofmusiccalledPihuang(皮黄)ThegroupsfromAnhuiprovinceandHubeiprovincealwaysactedinthesamestage.Gradually,anewoperawithBeijingdialect(方言)pronunciationwasborn.TheprofessionofBeijingoperaMaleRole(Sheng)生净FemaleRole(Dan)旦PaintedFaceMale(Jing)净ComedyActororClown（小丑）(Chou)丑MainRolesinBeijingOperaShengMaleroles:(1)middle-agedoroldmen(老生)(2)youngmen(小生)(3)menwithmartial(军事的；战争的）skills(武生)Shenginchinesemaymeans“strange”or“rare”,butthemosttabooinactingis“sheng”.Thereasonbythatnameofshengistoaskedactorssophistication(成熟老练，老于世故).SothechiefmaleroleisawellknowncharacterThelaoshengisdignified(庄严地；高贵的）olderrole.Thesecharactershaveagentleandcultivated（有教养的）disposition（性情）andwearsensible（明智的）costumesLaoshengXiaoshengYoungmalecharactersareknownasxiaosheng.Thesecharacterssinginahigh,shrill(尖锐的）voicewithoccasionalbreakstorepresentthevoicechangingperiodofadolescence（青春期）WushengThewushengisamartialcharacterforrolesinvolvingcombat(战斗）.Theyarehighlytrainedinacrobatics（杂技）,andhaveanaturalvoicewhensingingDanfemaleroles:(1)awomanwithastrictmoralcode（道德准则）(青衣)(2)Younggirl(花旦)(3)anelderlywoman（大龄女人）(老旦)TheDanreferstoanyfemaleroleinBeijingOpera.Oldwomenwereplayedbylaodan.Martialwomenwerewudan.youngfemalewarriorsweredaomadan.virtuous(贞洁的)andelitewomenwereqingyi,andvivacious(活泼的)andunmarriedwomenwerehuadanWudanLaodanDaomadanHuadanQingyiDan,whichmeans“morning”or“masculine”(阳性的），iscontrarytothefeminine(阴性的）natureofthecharacters.Womenbelongtofeminine.Sotheoppositemeaningsis“Dan”Jingpaintedface:(1)categories(派别)ofleading(正净)(2)(2)assisting(副净)(3)militaryjing(武净)Itischaracterizedbysinging(唱)Itischaracterizedbyacting(做)Itfeaturesacrobatics(杂技)andstunts(打)ChouClown(丑角):（1）gentlecomedian(文丑)（2）militarycomedian(武丑)（3）femalecomedian(女丑)Chouhasthemeaningugly.Thisreflectsthetraditionalbeliefthattheclown'scombinationofuglinessandlaughtercoulddriveawayevilspirits.WenChou,civilianrolessuchasmerchants（商人）andjailers.WuChou,minormilitaryroles.TheWuChouisoneofthemostdemandinginPekingoperabecauseofitscombinationofcomicacting,acrobaticsandastrongvoice.TheartisticformofBeijingoperaBeijingOperaisacomprehensiveperformingarts.Thataresing,read,doandfight.SingandReadmakeupthesong,oneofthetwoelementsfortheperformingartsDoandFightmakeupanotherbigfactordancesingingisgoodatusingvocalskillstoexpressthecharacter'spersonality,emotionalandmentalstate“read”meansNianBai,cooperatewithsingandcomplementeachother,alsotheimportantartmeansofcharactersthoughtsandfeelings“Fight”generaldividedinto“Handleworkand“Blanketwork“anditalsoreferstosomehardskills“Do”generallyreferstotheformofdancemovementsandisoneofthemainsignofdrama.facialmakeupFacialmakeup(脸谱)originatesfrommasksofsacrifice（祭祀）.ThefacialmakeupcanSuggestedcharacter,introducecharacteristicanddistinguish(区分)betweengoodevilbeautyandugliness.reddenotesuprightness(正直)andloyalty(忠诚)Whiterepresentsevilorcraftycharacters.blackisgiventocharactersofsoundnessandintegrity(正直).Yellowrepresentsferocious(凶恶)orsinistercharacters.BlueandGreenrepresentneutralcharacterespeciallyforoutlawsofthemarshesGoldandsilver(银色)aregiventocharacterofmysteryespeciallyforghostsandgods.CostumeofBeijingoperaCOSTUME:1、Thefirstclothing2、Thesecondclothing3、ThethirdclothingThefirstclothingClassify:Python(大蟒)ImprovepythonFlagofpythonOfficerdressImproveofficerdressLearnpettyofficerdressThejudgeclothescranecloakandCape……PythonImprovepythonOfficerdressImproveofficerdressThejudgeclothescranecloakandCapeThemagistrate(地方官)maywearanofficerdresswhenthereisperformanceoflocalofficialsTheemperor,officialsperformancegentlemenarecommonlyusedinclothingleisuretime:Cape,opencloakandpleatsForfemalecourtofficials,mainlyclothing,suchasthequeenwife:femalepython,femaleofficerdresstemple,etc.Toshapewomen'swife,miss,maids,andpovertyofwomengarmenthas:femaleCape,,skirts,pants,jacket,etc.ThesecondclothingDependImprovedependArrowclothesJacketHoldclothingGreentunicTeagarmentsleeveDependImprovedependArrowclothesJacketHoldclothingGreentunicTeagarmentsleeveCommonlyknowntwokinds.(1)filmclass(2)hardclassThethirdclothingWaterjacket:Theworkclothesprovidedbytheactor,andwithoutprejudice(偏见)totheprotectionofthecoatandthetwooftheclothesinthe