世界碳交易市场的发展与启示

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(,100010):,;,:;;:X16:A:1002-9753(2009)12-0039-10DevelopmentofCarbonMarketintheWorldandItsImplicationsZHOUHong-chun(DevelopmentResearchCenteroftheStateCouncil,Beijing100010,China)Abstract:Formulationofcarbonmarketareintroducedincludinglegislation,regulations,tradeproductsandproce2dures,especiallythegeneralregulationsandproceduresinthosemarketsintheworldlikeEuropeanUnionEmissionTradingScheme(EUEST),CleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM),andothermarketsinAustraliaetc..Onthebasisoftheresearch,theauthorputsforwardrecommendationsandsuggestionsontotheroadoflowcarboneconomywiththeminimumcostofcarbonemissionreduction,higherefficientutilizationofenergysourcesandhighercarbonproductivityinChina.Keywords:carbonmarket;regulations;recommendationsandsuggestions,,,2012,;,,:1.,(,UNFCCC)(),:2009-10-15:2009-12-08:(1956-),,,,3,:93©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[1],199712(COP3),()6,(CO2)(CH4)(N20)(HFCS)(PFCS)(SF6);2008-2012,(,CO2e)19905.2%,8%7%6%5%8%8%,[2],,,,,(JI,6)(CDM,12)(IET,17),,,,,20036(EmissionTradingScheme,EUETS)[3],20051,12000,(46%):1,,[4-5]20081126,(ClimateChangeAct),,,,,,2006,17200843,(BC),,2020,,,2.:,(Cap-and-trade),(),(AAUs),(EUETS)(EUAs)(JI)(ERUs)(CERs)(RMUs)CERs,(CDM),,AAUsERUsCERsRMUs,1()1,:,21;,310;,11700;,9200;,2390004200912©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()RMUsERUs(JI)CERs(CDM):ICERsCDMEUAsERs:[4-6]1,,,,(CDM),,,CDM,,,;,,CDM,CDM,,,,[7],8,(PCF)(CDCF)(BioCF),CERs(CERUPT)CDM/JICDMJI/CDMCDMCERUPTCDM,CDMCERs,CDM(40),CDM(30),KFW(1000)(7000),IFC(,4400),,,CDM(EUETS),CERs,;,CERs3.[8],2004,1,20084820052008,100331,20081263(2)14©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(2009)20081010NewCarbonFinance[9],20076.8-8.2/,2050550ppm,500,200810;,()(EUETS),2003101387(Directive2003/87EC),200511,(EUETS)EUETS20051120071231,20081120121231EUETS,(Cap-and-Trade),;,12000,;,272007,,2004331,Directive2003/87/EC,,(NAP):,;;,;,;;,,;;;;:;;,,;3NAP,ETS;24200912©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()EUA,CERs,85%2006,30,15,,,2007(1),2007,,,2008728.7320092127.967-875%(2)2008,2009,,,:20081%,7%,19%(200812,36%)1(CCC)bluenext,,,34©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:(EUA)(sCER)():Bluenext;(CER)(bc):IDEA,(EUlinkingdirective,20041114),EUETS2005CDMJI,CDMJI2005JICDM,JICDM,2005,CDM,,,,,99%,,,,,[11],1.,,,,2002-2003,3909,18492005-2007,1234,67%;615,33%,;,:,,;,44200912©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:200;,,1503200,151-3006400,3019600,,,0.0150.035,,1-2.5,1.25-2,,4010020020051-11,796,3.:,2005,;,;()(CDM),,(CDM),CDM,CDM,,(CERs),1.CDMCERs,CDM,CDM,CERs,(DOE):(COP/MOP),CDM,,,,COP/MOP,2.,,CER15,,CDMCER:CDM,CERsCERs,COP/MOP,,CERsCDM54©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(AAUs)CERs3.CDM,CDM,20051012,,:(HFC)(PFC),65%;,2%(IPCC),2009918(CDM),1822,CERs330,598,048,632,34.69%,70%(3)CDM,;;;;;;;;;();20068,,CDM,20061226,20073,(CDM),(),,,(ECX)3CDM:(c)18.09.200914:53©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(ChicagoClimateExchange,CCX)CCX,,20031212,CCXCCX,(),CCX:(2003-2006)1%;(2007-2010)94%,1998-2001;,2000,,()(3),1.,,[12-13],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3NordPool1996GERT1998,CVEAA1999:SFE2000CCSBP200012STEPS20002001,20026000,EEX2002CCX2003,2005,EUETSECX2005EUACERPowernext2007Bluenext2008:74©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,;,;,,,,,,,,3.,,,,,,,,,,,CDM,,,,,,,;,;,,,;,,,:[1].()[J].,2008,(2).[2]RobertB.Zoellick.CarbonMarketsforDevelopment[Z].Development_Committee_Bali_Breakfast_Series_Carbon_Mar2kets_4_Development_10-08_final.pdf.October12,2008.[3]Directive2003/87/EcoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof13October2003[EB].[4][R].,2008-2009.[5].[Z].2008.[6][R].2007/2008,UNDP.[7].CERs[J].,2005,(10).[8]StateandTrendsoftheCarbonMarket2008,CarbonMar2ket2008[Z].WorldBank.pfd.[9]CarbonMarketstoBreakthe100bnBarrierin2008,10-102008[EB].[10].2009[R].2009-07-16.[11].[N].,2006-08-11.[12]UnitedStatesGovernmentAccountabilityOffice.LessonsLearnedfromtheEuropeanUnionsEmissionsTradingSchemeandtheKyotoProtocolsCleanDevelopmentMechanism[R].2008.11.[13]A.DennyEllerman.