高考英语写作：概要写作-U型三步法

“U型三步法”在概要写作中的尝试1概要写作评分原则解读2“U型三步法”的设计思路3“U型三步法”的设计课例①本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。②评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要去来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。③词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。④评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑...⑤拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。⑥如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。1概要写作评分原则解读④评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：1.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；2.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；3.上下文的连贯性；4.对各要点表达的独立性情况。解读之篇解读之篇档次描述第五档(21-25)—理解准确，涵盖全部要点。—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。—完全使用自己的语言。整体阅读提炼归纳解读文本大Passage理解准确，涵盖全部要点。小Passage—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。—完全使用自己的语言。解读之篇PW要点守恒扩词成句压缩文本提炼关键词WS增色添彩连句成篇SP2“型三步法”的设计思路—理解准确，涵盖全部要点。—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使结构紧凑。—完全使用自己的语言。—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使结构紧凑。“型三步法”之第一步PW直接提取法间接整合法直接间接混合法transitionalwordskeywords第一步PW之直接提取法[例1]（节选自2013年北京卷·阅读理解C篇）Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle,hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury,hissold-outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans,leadinghimtocomplainabouthislackofprivacy.Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm-starsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo.第二步WS之同义替换[例1]（节选自2013年北京卷·阅读理解C篇）•Thetrackingproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory.•Peoplehavebeencrazyabout/obsessedwithchasingcelebritiesforalongtime.•Thecrazeforfollowingcelebritiesstartedlongago.trackingcelebritiesforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,inthe19thcentury,the1920sand1930s第一步PW之间接整合法[例2]（节选自2014年四川卷·阅读理解E篇）Generally,peoplebelievethatthehormoneoxytocinisletoutinourbodyinvarioussocialsituationsandourbodycreatesalargeamountofitduringpositivesocialinteractionssuchasfallinginloveorgivingbirth.ButinapreviousexperimentProfessorRyanfoundthatthehormoneisalsoletoutinourbodyduringnegativesocialinteractionssuchasenvy.第二步WS之同义替换[例2]（节选自2014年四川卷·阅读理解E篇）•Thehormoneoxytocinisreleasedinnegativeaswellaspositivesocialcontacts.Generally,thehormoneoxytocinletoutpositiveButnegativesocialinteractions第一步PW之直接间接混合法[例3]（节选自Module6Unit2Poems）Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry.Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgiveastrongimpression.Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.[例3]（节选自Module6Unit2Poems）reasonswritepoetry.SomedescribeOthersconveycertainemotions.第二步WS之同义替换•Peoplecomposepoemsfordifferentpurposes,somedescriptivewhileothersemotional.•Poemsstemfrompeople'sintentionsofsharingstoriesorfeelings.•Poetryspringsfrompeople'sdesirestodepictthings,ortoportrayemotions.“型三步法”之第二步WS句内连接（要点内部）（1）词连接（2）句型连接（3）语法结构连接同义替换同义替换第二步WS之句内连接（要点内部）[例4]（节选自2013年北京卷·阅读理解C篇）Althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue,today’sstars,feelinglikezooanimals,facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine.Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld’sattention.Paparazzicampoutsidetheirhomes,camerasready.Tabloidspublishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives.Justimaginenotbeingabletodoanythingwithoutbeingphotographedorinterruptedforasignature.AccordingtopsychologistChristinaVillarreal，celebrities－famouspeople－worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance.Eventually，theystarttolosetrackofwhotheyreallyare，seeingthemselvesthewaytheirfansimaginethem，notasthepeopletheywerebeforeeveryoneknewtheirnames.“Overtime,”Villarrealsays,“theyfeelseparatedandalone.”第二步WS之句内连接:词连接thecenterofattentioncelebritiesworrypublicappearacnelosetrack•Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.•Sincecelebritiesarethefocusofmuchattentionandareoverlyconcernedabouttheirpublicimage,theystarttolosetheirownidentity.andthus;asaresult/consequence;consequently...第二步WS之句内连接:句型连接•Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.•Asthefocusofmuchattention,notonlyarecelebritiesoverlyconcernedabouttheirpublicimage,buttheyalsostarttolosethemselves.•Asthefocusofmuchattention,celebritiesaresoconcernedabouttheirpublicimagethattheyevenstarttolosethemselvesontheroadtofame.第二步WS之句内连接:语法结构连接•Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.•Celebrities,thefocusofmuchattention,areparticularlyattentivetotheirpublicimage,someevenlosingtheirtrueselves.•Chasedaroundnearlyallthetime,celebrities,whostrivetoliveuptothepublicexpectations,evengetlostontheroadtofame.“型三步法”之第三步SP句与句连接（要点与要点之间）（1）增加连接词（2）采用连接句（3）应用篇章结构第三步SP连接之增加连接词逻辑关系连接词表转折yet;but;while;however;nevertheless;whereas;although;though;despitethefactthat;inspiteof;onthecontrary;ontheotherhand;evenso;incontrast;instead;unlike;differentfrom;unfortunately...表因果therefore;so;asaresult/consequence;consequently;hence;thus;accordingly;inthisway;becauseof;dueto;thanksto;owingto...表递进what'smore;what'sworse;worsestill;besides;inaddition;moreover;also;furthermore;notonly...butalso;too...to表总结inshort;inbrief;briefly;tosumup;onthewhole;inconclusion;inaword...其他副词hopefully;sadly;(un)fortunately;surprisingly...[例5]（节选自2014年新课标I卷·阅读理解A篇）Atypicalliontamerinpeople’smindisanentertainerholdingawhipandachair.Thewhipgetalloftheat