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液化天然气供气站风险评价研究重庆大学硕士学位论文学生姓名:邓强指导教师:彭世尼教授专业:供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院二OO八年十月TheRiskAssessmentResearchoftheLiquefiednaturalgasstationAThesisSubmittedtoChongqingUniversityinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementfortheDegreeofMasterofProfessionByDengQiangSupervisorbyProf.PengShiniMajor:HeatingSupply,Gassing,VentilatingandAir-conditioningEngineeringFacultyofUrbanConstructionandEnvironmentEngineeringChongqingUniversity,Chongqing,ChinaOct.2008中文摘要I摘要LNG贸易是天然气国际贸易的一个重要部分,近10年来LNG产量增长迅速,由于LNG的汽化之后所得到的气态天然气约是同等LNG体积的625倍,因此LNG所能提供的供气效率很高,也因此受到很多供气公司的青睐,也建立了一些LNG供气站,但是LNG供气站潜在的泄漏、火灾和爆炸危险,这些事件发生的概率比较低,但是一旦发生,易造成灾难性的后果,同时随着LNG的普及和运用,其事故风险率也随之增加,因此本文针对LNG供气站进行了风险评价。在本文中,根据LNG的的属性,归纳总结出了LNG的本身的危害以及LNG供气站可能发生的危险事故,同时从LNG自身危害、LNG储罐和管道设施有害因素、人力和安全管理危险因素和环境因素四个方面分析得出了LNG供气站可能存在的风险因素,通过查阅相关文献,建立了LNG供气站点的故障树系统,并对各类事故进行了故障树分析,求得了各自的最小割集或最小径集,提出了一些避免事故产生的措施;在故障树的基础上,本文还建立了LNG供气站模糊综合评价体系,针对各类事故进行了模糊评价举例,并得出了供气站点安全事故的模糊综合评价结果;归纳总结出了LNG供气站各类事故的危害模型:LNG和气态天然气的泄漏量、天然气扩散模型、火灾热辐射模型以及爆炸冲击波模型,针对每种危险事故归纳出了其后果模型,并作出了整个LNG站场事故经济性综合评价。结合故障树,分析得出了各类事故发生的概率计算办法,并给出了一些LNG供气站事故预防措施。关键词:风险评价,故障树,模糊综合评价,燃气泄漏,火灾与爆炸重庆大学硕士学位论文II英文摘要IIIABSTRACTLNGisanimportantpartofthenaturalgastradeininternationaltrade,inthepast10years,theLNGproductionhadarapidgrowth.DuetovaporizationofLNGafterthenaturalgasobtainedisaboutthesamevolumeof625timesthatofLNG,thegassupplycanofferhighefficiencybyLNG,alotofgascompaniesfavorit,andestablishmentofanumberofLNGgasstations.ButLNGgasstationshaspotentialleakage,fireandexplosionhazards,theprobabilityofoccurrenceoftheseeventsisrelativelylow,butifthatweretohappen,therehaveadisastrousConsequences,atthesametime,asusingofLNGpopularity,theaccidentrateriskshaveincreased,sothisarticlecarryoutariskassessmentofLNGgasstations.Inthisarticle,basedonthepropertiesofLNG,asummaryoftheLNGitselfriskandtheLNGgasstations’potentialriskaccidents,andatthesametimefromLNGitselfrisk,LNGstoragetanksandpipelineshazardousfacilities,manpowerandsafetymanagementRiskfactorsandenvironmentalfactors,weanalysisoftheLNGgasstationpossibleriskfactors,throughaccesstodocumentsrelatedLNGgasstation,weestablishedtheLNGsupplysiteofthefaulttree,andanalysisthefaulttreeofvarioustypeoffactors,obtainingtheirrespectiveminimalcutsetsortheminimalpathsets,anmadeanumberofmeasurestopreventaccidentsOnthebasisofthefaulttree,wealsoestablishedLNGgasstationsfuzzycomprehensiveevaluationsystemandalltypesofaccidentswerealsohadafuzzyevaluation,andarriveattheresultsfuzzycomprehensiveevaluationofthegasstation.AsummaryofLNGGasstationsalltypesofhazardsmodel:leakageofLNGandnaturalgas,themodelofnaturalgasspread,firethermalradiationmodelantheexplosionwavemodelWesummarizedariskmodeloftheconsequencesforeachofaccidentsandtheEconomicevaluationfortheentireLNGStationinaccident.Combinationoffaulttreeanalysis,wecalculatedtheprobabilityofthevarioustypesofaccidents,andgavesomeoftheLNGgasstationaccidentpreventionmeasures.Keywords:Riskassessment,Faulttree,Fuzzycomprehensiveevaluation,Gasleakage,Thefireandexplosionaccident重庆大学硕士学位论文IV目录V目录中文摘要......................................................................................................................................I英文摘要...................................................................................................................................III1绪论..........................................................................................................................................11.1液化天然气(LNG)简介..............................................................................................11.1.1液化天然气基本属性............................................................................................11.1.2液化天然气(LNG)的危害性.................................................................................11.2我国液化天然气(LNG)产业的发展概况..................................................................31.3风险及风险评价...............................................................................................................31.3.1风险的定义............................................................................................................31.3.2风险评价与风险管理............................................................................................61.4国内外风险评价研究现状...............................................................................................81.4.1国外风险评价现状................................................................................................81.4.2国内风险评价现状................................................................................................81.5本课题的背景及意义.......................................................................................................92基于故障树和模糊数学的LNG供气站风险评价......................................112.1本文所指LNG供气站的界定.......................................................................................112.2LNG供气站内风险辨识.................................................................................................112.2.1LNG供气站危险因素分析..................................................................................122.2.2LNG供气站危险事故种类.
本文标题:液化天然气供气站风险评价研究
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