牛奶中铅和镉对人体健康风险的评价

4172007,Vol.28,No.07(430022)19(PbCd)PbCdCd1.80106a199.94%Pb(ICRP)5105a1PbCdHealthRiskAssessmentofContaminantsinMilkinWuhanCountryZHANGPingHEZhen-yuLIANGGao-dao(WuhanCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Wuhan430022,China)AbstractConcentrationsofcontaminants(Cd,Pb)inmilkobtainedfromsupermarketsinWuhanwerestudiedbasedonatotalof19randomsamples.HealthrisksassociatedwithconcentrationsofcontaminantsindrinkingwaterwereassessedbyusingUSEPAhealthriskassessmentmode1.TheresultsshowedthatthechemicalcarcinogenCdistheprincipalpollutant.Individualannualrisk(IAR)ofCdis1.80106a1,ashealthrisk99.94%inthetotalrisksandfarmoreimportantthanthatoftheotherchemicalcarcinogenPb.However,theannualriskfactorcausedbyCdandPbformilkisfarlowerthantherecommendedmaximumriskfactorof5105a1accordingtotheinternationalcoalitionofradioactiveprotection(ICRP),sonotriskytohealth.KeywordsmilkPbCdhealthriskassessmentTS207.51A1002-6630(2007)07-0417-032006-07-06(1956-)()258()[1-5]19(PbCd)1.12005200619PbCdGB5009(ThermoMQZeMK22007,Vol.28,No.07418)PbCd1.2PbCd-[6]CdPb1.2.1Rc=RigRig=[1exp(Digqig)]/70(1z)Rigi(k)a1Digimg/kgdqigimg/kgd70aDigDig=0.5Ci(x)/700.5LCi(x)mg/L70kg1.2.2Rn=RigRig=(Dig106/RfDig)/70(2)Rigi(l)a1Digimg/kgdRfDigimg/kgd70aPbCdRR=Rc+Rn(3)1.2.3(IARC)(WHO)12A(EPA)[7]Cdqig6.1mg/kgdEPA[8]PbRfDig0.0014mg/kgd2.1PbCd19PbCd1PbCd1#0.0300.00222#0.0250.00293#0.0350.00554#0.0230.00685#0.0350.00616#0.0130.00067#0.0090.00128#0.0050.00039#0.0040.000610#0.0040.000911#0.0080.000312#0.0170.000913#0.0070.000414#0.0050.000715#0.0110.001216#0.0060.001217#0.0050.000518#0.0090.021119#0.0070.00100.01360.0029PbCd(mg/kg)Table1ConcentrationsofcontaminantsinsoldmilkCdPb1.801069.9110101.80106CdPb(a1)Table2Averagehesthriskcausedbychemicalcarcinogen(cd)andnon-cancerigeniccontaminant(Pb)throughthedrinkingmilkpathway(a1)2.21CdCdCd1PbPb22.3219CdPbCdPbCd99.94%i=1kccci=1nlnn4192007,Vol.28,No.07CdPbPbCdCd(IARC)CdCdPb9.911010a1Pb()1CdPb99.94%(ICRP)5105a1PbCdPbCd[1],.[J].[J].1995,17(6):9-12.[2],.[J].,1997,12(2):38-40.[3],,.[J].,2004,25(2):47-50.[4],,.[J].,2004,26(4):68-70.[5]USEPA.Availableinformationonassessmentexposurefrompesticidesinfood[R].USEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyOfficeofPesticidePrograms,2000-06-21.[6].[M].:,2000:281-292.[7]EPAUnfinishedBusiness.Acomparativeassessmentofenvironmentalproblems[R].AppendixReportofCancerRisk.WorkGroup.EPA/230/2/87/025b,1987.[8]EPA.Superfundpublichealthrvaluationmanual[R].EPA/540/1-86-060,1986.121111(1.3500012.350002)SCDLPC-F-CC-NO/FMPNStudyonDetectionMethodofPseudomonasaeruginosainFoodZHENGJing1MACheng2HUANGXiao-rong1CHENBin1TANGMin-ying1HUANGChang-jiao1(1.FujianProvinceEntry-ExitInspectionandQuarantineBureau,Fuzhou350001,China2.FuzhouUniversity,Fuzhou350002,China)AbstractObjetive:StudiedandestablishedthemethodfordetectionofPseudomonasaeruginosainfoodMethod:Bymakingcomparisonoftheeffectsofdifferentenrichmentbrothandisolationmedia,andconfirmingthetestsofphysiologyandbiochemistrytoestablishthemethod.ThenwevalidatedthefeasibilitybydetectingtheartificiallycontaminatedfoodResult:ComfiredSCDLPastheenrichmentbroth,C-F-CandC-Nastheisolationmedia,sometestslikeO/Fglucose,oxidaseforphysiologyandbiochemistryidentification,MPNasthemethodofquantitativedetectionConclusion:Thismethodissuitableforthe2007-05-20(2006B344X)(1973-)