常用动词和动词短语用法

常见动词及动词短语的用法一,动词的基本形式1.第三人称单数形式2.过去式3.过去分词4.现在分词二、形状相似的动词的误用这类动词的误用主要是由于其拼法相同或相似,词根同或在不规则变化中因某些相似而引起.1.lie与lay的区别lie----lay----lain----lying躺lie----lied----lied----lying说谎lay----laid----laid----laying放，搁2.hang(悬挂)与hang(绞死,吊死)的区别hang----hung----hung----hanging悬挂hang----hanged----hanged----hanging绞死3.rise与raiserise----rose----risen(vi.)raise----raised----raised(vt.)4.experience(v.&n.经历n.经验)与experiment(n.&v.实验)5.loose(松开,解开)与lose(丢失)6.insiston(坚持)与stickto(坚持)7.effect(n.效果v.使有效)与affect(v.影响),effort三,动词与其它词因词形相似而引起的误用常见的词有:accept----expert----except----expectadvise----advicepractise----practicebath----bathebreath----breathechoose----choicepass----passed----pastsucceed----success----successful----successfully四,常用动词的词义与搭配HAVE1.havesth.donehavesb.(sth.)doinghavesb.dohavesb.(sth.)done/doing…/do…在否定句中have可表示允许,忍受,容忍.e.g.We'llnothaveyoutellhimwhattodo.(不允许)Theycan'thavethatsortofthinghappening.(容忍)I'veneverhadanythingsaidagainsther.(不容忍)2.表示有时带不定式做定语表将来,带分词做定语表正在进行【比较】Hehasalotofworktodo.(带to的不定式做定语,逻辑主语是句子主语,todo与work之间是动宾关系且不定式为及物动词或相当于及物动词(vi.+介)的主动式)I'llgotothepostoffice;doyouhavealettertobeposted(post不是由句子主语执行,故用及物或相当于及物动词的被动式)MAKE1.句型:make+宾语,make+双宾语,make+宾语+名词,make+宾语+adj.,make+it+adj./n.+todosth./that-clause,makesb./sth.do,makesth./oneselfdone2.短语:makeanapologyto…;makeaface;makealiving;makeamistake;makeaspeech(作演讲);makefriendswith;makefunof;makeroomfor;makeuseof;makethebestof(尽量利用,善用);makepreparationsfor;makesentenceswith;makerepairs;makegreat/rapidprogress;maketrouble(引起麻烦);makeone'sway(前进,行进);makeupone'smind;makeup(构成,弥补,虚构,打扮);makesure/certain;makeabed(铺床);makeadecision;makeadiscovery;makeajourney;makeaplanfor;makeaneffort(努力);makedifference(区别);makelaws(制订法律);maketea(沏茶);makearecord(录制唱片);makemoney;makeachoice(进行选择);makeasuggestion(提建议),makewar(开战)DO注意do和make:一般说来,do含有进行某项活动的意思,而make含有造出新东西的意思.dobusiness(做买卖),dosb.afavour,dosome/much/mycooking,dowrong,dosb.good/harm/wrong(dogoodtosb.)(对……有益/有害/冤枉),dotheroom(整理房间),doawaywith(取消,废除),docopies(复制),doone'shair(做头发),doone'sduty,dotheopposite(做相反的事),dothedeed(生效)GOgoupstairs,gotoprison,gotosea(去航海),gotothesea(去海滨),gotothecinema/movie/pictures,goshopping,begone((人)不在,走了;(物)丢失,用完了),gohungry,goby((时间)过去;经过(地点)),godown(下去;(船等的)下沉),goon((时间)过去,流逝(相当于goby);继续),goout(出去;(灯或火的)熄灭),goover,goondoingsth.,goontodosth.,goonwithsth.,goforawalk,goavisitto,gotocollegeSUPPOSE1.表认为,猜想时否定,疑问,回答的方式.e.g.Isupposehe'lltroubleyouagain,won'the?Hedoesn'tsupposeyouareright,doeshe?简略答语常说:Isupposeso/Idon'tsupposeso(Isupposenot.)具备这种用法的词还有:think,imagine,believe注意:常说Ihopeso(not),I‘mafraidso(not),Ifearso(not),I’msureso(not).2.作插入语e.g.Whodoyousupposetelephonedmeyesterday?3.接复合宾语用tobe做补足语,不用todo结构,但有时可用完成式或进行式.e.g.Isupposehimtobefifty.Shewassupposedtohavelefthome/tobewriting.4.be(not)supposedtodo应当(不应该)e.g.Hewassupposedtoarrivethereanhourago.(是否到不知道,表示按道理应该……)Heshouldhavecomeanhourago.(表责备,说明没有按时到)比较:1)Heissupposedtobeastudent.2)Heissupposedtocomeearly.5.提出建议,请求Supposewego/wentforawalk=Whataboutusgoingforawalk(用went语气更婉转)6.假设Suppose/Supposingthathecomes,whatshallwedo?CONSIDER1.consider+宾语(名词,代词,从句,动名词或不定式的疑问式)考虑2.consider+宾语+宾补(名词,形容词,不定式tobe或tohavedone)认为3.considerit+名词或形容词+todosth.4.consider…as…认为，把…看做五、常用动词的词义与搭配CATCH1.抓住catchsb.bythearm,catchsb.bysurprise(乘其不备抓住……)2.钩住,挂住Shecaughtherdressonthenail.=Herdressgotcaughtonthenail.3.染(患)上;搭(赶)上(交通工具);听(懂,清)catchacold,catchthebus,catchwhatyousaid,catchupwith4.偶然(突然)撞见,发觉;偶然碰上(风雨等),常用被动结构.catchsb.stealingmoney,be/getcaughtin/bythestormGIVEgiveaconcert,givelessonsto,givealecture,givesb.adviceon…,givesb.amessage,givesb.aring,giveareporttosb.(向……汇报),givebirthto(产仔),givemedicalcareto(对……进行治疗),giveout(耗尽),giveoff(发出(光,热等)),giveup,giveaway(泄露),giveone'slifefor(为……而献身),giveinTAKEtakepictures/photographs/photos,takeaseat,takeaim(瞄准),takeaninterestin(对……发生兴趣),takenotes(记笔记),takenotice(注意),takeone'schance(抓住机会),takeone'sleave(告辞),takeoffice,takepityon(怜悯),takesteps(采取措施),takethechair(主持开会),takeiteasy(别着急),takesidesin(站在……一边),takeone'stime(不急),taketurnstodosth.,takeone'stemperature,,takeone'splace,take…forexample,takechargeof,takepridein,takeanaction(采取行动),takeoff,takeaway,takeup,takeholdof,takeamessagefor,takegreattroubletodosth.,takeexaminations,takeitforgrantedthat…(认为……当然),takesth.bymistake(错拿某物)CALLcallat(someplace),callonsb./callon(号召)sb.todosth.,callfor要求提倡邀约,callin(adoctor),callout出动唤起大声叫出来,callup征召,call/drawone'sattentionto(引起某人注意某事)COME1.cometoe.g.WhenIcametocooking,heshowedgreatinterest.(谈到)Wecametoknowthis.(gettoknow=begintoknow)Hecametoseeyou.(=cameandsaw)Finallyitcameto(itself).(苏醒)ThebookcametohowtolearnEnglish.(涉及)Itcomestothesamething.(结果是)Thenumbercomesto1000.(达到)2.其它短语:comeafter(跟着……,为找……而来),comeout(出来,(花)开,出版),comeat=jumpupon(扑向),comeuptosb.,comeon/upon=comeacross,comedown(下来,减少),comeintopower(上台),comeintobeing(形成),comeintouse(使用起来),cometrue,comealong(一起走,快点)GETgetoutof=getawayfrom=escape(躲避,逃避),getalong/on(well/badly)with,getonthebus,getin(进来),getinthecrops,getintouchwith,getintotrouble,getintothehabitof,getoff=startoff(离去,动身),getofftheboo