Unit 1,2 General introduction to professional pape

《科技英语写作与英文科研论文》ScienceandTechnologyEnglishWriting&EnglishScientificResearchPaper李瑞琴教授[e-mail]2012年2月29日References1.胡庚申.EnglishPaperWritingandPublication英文论文写作与发表.北京:高等教育出版社,2000.Englishscientificresearchpaper2.英文写作技巧方面的资料.Writingskillsorhabitualexpressions3.国际上有影响力的英文期刊文献资料(SCI,EI收录期刊)Journalpaper.4.国际会议交流Conferencepaper.MainContentsUnit1GeneralintroductiontoprofessionalpaperwritingUnit2Title,Author/AffiliationandKeywordsUnit3AbstractUnit4IntroductionUnit5TextualDevelopmentUnit6Result,DiscussionandConclusionUnit7Acknowledgments,References,FootnotesandAppendixesMainContentsUnit8WritingSkillsandSpecialAttention(1)Unit9WritingSkillsandSpecialAttention(2)Unit10ThemostCommonHabitsfrompaperswrittenbyGraduateChineseEngineeringStudentsUnit11PaperPublicationUnit12CopyrightAgreementUnit13InternationalConferenceIntroductionUnit14InternationalConferenceProgramScheduleUnit1Generalintroductiontoprofessionalpaperwriting1.ClassificationofProfessionalPapersReportpaperResearchpaperCoursepaperDissertation(Thesispaper)Thereportpapersummarizesandreportsthefindingsoftheauthor(s)onaparticularsubject.Theauther(s)maynotgivehis/theirownopinionontheissue,norevaluatesthefindings,butmerelycatalogstheminasensible(明智的)sequence.Forinstance,apaperlistingtheopinionsofstatesmenorpoliticiansduringthedebateoveracertaineventwouldbeareportpaper.•Reportpaper:Unit1GeneralintroductiontoprofessionalpaperwritingAresearchpapercanbeintelligent,well-informed（博识的）,interesting,andoriginalinitsconclusions.Itdraws（提取）itsmaterialfrommanysources,itsaimistoassemblefactsandideasandbystudyingthemtodrawnewconclusionsastofactsorinterpretations,ortopresentthematerialinthelightofanewinterest.•Researchpaper：•Researchpaper：Researchpapersareorcanbethemostimportantandreliablesourcesfortextbooks,monographs(专题论文),andallotherdocumentaryworks.Acompleteresearchpaperisusuallycomposedofthefollowingelements:title,author,affiliation,abstract,keywords,introduction,theoreticalanalysisand/orexperimentsdescriptions,resultsanddiscussionorconclusion,acknowledgments,references,etc.Aresearchpaperusuallydealswitharelativelyspecifictopic,andwithacomparativelynarrowsubject.Differentfromthereportpaperandresearchpaper,acoursepapermainlyreferstothepaperwrittenafteraspecificcourseislearnedorattheendoftheterm.Soitscontentsusuallyshouldbeinlinewith（符合）thecourserequirementsandundertheinstructionofthecourseinstructor.Sincethistypeofpaperisalwayswrittenandhandedinattheendoftheterm,itisalsocalled“termpaper.”（学期报告）•Coursepaper：Dissertation(Thesispaper)：ADissertation(thesispaper)isusuallywrittenandsubmittedinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsforthedegreeofMAorMS(orPh.D)inaspecificdiscipline.Unlikeareportpaper,athesispapertakesadefinitestandonanissue.Athesisispropositionorpointofviewthatthewriterorspeakeriswillingtoargueagainstordefend.Apaperthatisusedtoargueforratificationofacertaineventwouldthereforebeathesispaper.Writingathesispaperrequiresthewritertoexercisejudgment,evaluateevidence,andconstructalogicalargument,whereaswritingareportpaperdoesnot.Beforepresentingathesisordissertation,thecandidateforamaster'sordoctoralprogrammustcompleteallthenecessaryexaminations.Ingeneral,adissertationisalengthy,formaltreatise,especiallyonewrittenbyacandidateforthemaster’sordoctoraldegreeatauniversityoraresearchinstitution.Adoctoraldissertationrepresentsanoriginalcontributiontoknowledgeconstruction,andisamoredetailedstudyofaresearchproblemthanthatrequiredforthemaster’sdegree.Dissertation(Thesispaper)：Includedinathesis(dissertation)aremoreorlesssuchsectionsasacknowledgments,abstracts(bothinChineseandinEnglish),introductionand/orliteraturereview,methodology,datacollectionanddataanalysis,findingsandconclusions,suggestionsorfuturework,etc.Asisoftenrequired,athesisforthedegreeofMAorMSshouldbeofsomethingnew,whileadissertationforthedegreeofPh.Dshouldbeofsomethingoriginalandcreative.Thethesis,ordissertation,shouldbeindependentlycompleted,underthesupervisor’sguidance,bythecandidatehimself/herself,reflectingthecandidate’sownresearchfindings.Dissertation(Thesispaper)：2.WaysofpreparingprofessionalpapersInordertowriteandgetaresearchpaperacceptedinaninternationaljournal,thewriterhastospendmonthsorevenalongerperiodinpreparingforit.Generallyspeaking,therearefivestepstobetakenforitsfinalsubmission.1)SearchingforgoodideasResearchpapersaredifferentfromordinarycompositionsinthattheyhavetobehighlyspecificintheirtopicsanddohaveacertainpractical,scientificoreconomicvalue.Therefore,thewholeprocessofpreparingandfinishingaresearchpapermust,orshould,followthegeneralrule:comingfrompracticeandbacktopractice.Justforthispurposeandothers,investigationsaretobecarriedoutbasedonlaboratoryorsocialpractice,andonlibrarysearch.Accordingtosomeexperiencedauthors,one-thirdor/andevenhalfoftheirtimewouldhavetobespentonsearchingforgoodideasortopicsinordertomaketheirresearchreallyvaluable.2)FindingtopicsOnceideasareformulated,theyshouldbeanalyzed,replenished（补充）andfinallysortedoutafteralongprocessofcriticalreadingandthoroughfulreconsideration.Usu