英语：经典易错题会诊(动词及动语短语)

第1页（共22页）英语：经典易错题会诊（动词及动语短语）考查特定语境中常用动词的基本用法和意义；常见近又词的辨异，拼写相似动词的辨异及习惯搭配等。动词及动词短语，不能仅限于《英语教学大纲》，而应着重注意《英语教学大纲》外出现的频率较高的词汇和《英语课程标准》内的动词及短语。经典易错题会诊命题角度1考查特定语境中常用动词的基本用法和意义；常见近义词的辩异，拼写相似动词的辩异及习惯搭配等。1.(典型例题)Wewenttocandatotravelandmycousinasourguide.A.playedB.showedC.actedD.performed[考场错解]A[专家把脉]本题很容易因为熟悉playapart／role这个短语而误选A。根据题意是“担当，充当我们的导游”的含义，因此填actas，相当于serveas.[对症下药]C2.(典型例题)Heissuchamanwhoisalwaysfaultwithotherpeopel.A.puttingB.seekingC.findingD.1ookingfor[考场错解]B或D[专家把脉]除了选项A之外，其余三个选项似乎都符合题意。其中seek是新课标中的重点词汇，表示“寻找，找到或得到某事物，常与介词after或for连用”，短语seeksth.fromsb.表示“向某人寻求某事”的含义。而本题中findfaultwithsb.／sth.是固定搭配，意思是“找某人(或某事物)的错；埋怨某人(或某事物)”。[对症下药]C3.(典型例题)EverybodyinthevillagelikeJackbecauseheisgoodattellingandjokes.A.turninupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup[考场错解]D或A[专家把脉]根据句意“因为他善长于编故事和讲故事。村子里的人都喜欢Jack，”短语makeup有“组成、构成”的意思。turnup“露面来到”；putup，建造，展示某物；showup，到来，出现[对症下药]C4.(典型例题)Wethoughtofsellingthisoldfurniture,butwe’vedecidedtoit.Itmightbevaluable.A.holdontoB.keepupwithC.turntoD.lookafter[考场错解]D第2页（共22页）[专家把脉]解答本题的关键首先要熟悉给予的动词词组各自的含义及用法。平时在复习、学习中要对动词及动词短语多积累。学生可能知道“holdon”的含义“候着，别挂(电话)”，但不知“holdonto”，其含义为“坚持，继续；不放弃，不卖掉”。根据题意“我们本想把这件旧家具卖掉，但是我们决定还是不卖掉它。它可能有价值。”而B项keepupwith“跟上”；C项turnto意为“转向；而……求助”；D项lookafter“照顾”，故答案为A.[对症下药]A5.(典型例题)TheideapuzzledmesOmuchthatstoppedforafewsecondstotryto—.A.makeitoutB.makeitoffC.makeisupD.makeitover[考场错解]D[专家把脉]考生出错的原因主要是因为一方面对句意把握不准，另一方面对题干中的动词短语含义不清楚，根据题意及语境“因为我感到迷惑，所以试图把它弄清楚。”故答案应选A(弄清楚)而makeoff(急忙离开)；makeup(编造；组成，化妆)；makeover(重做；改做)[对症下药]A6.(典型例题)Youcantakeanythingfromtheshelfandread，butpleasethebookswhenYou’vefinishedwiththem.A.putdownB.putOnC.putbackD.putoff[考场错解]A[专家把脉]考生因对选项中“put”词组含义辨析不清而导致出错。考生在平时复习中，应加强对词组的识记及积累。根据题意“当你读完后把书放回原处。”，故答案为C，putback(放回原处)，而A项putdown项意为“写下，记下；镇压”；B项puton“穿上；上演(节目)”；D项putoff,意为“推迟”[对症下药]C7.(典型例题)Tounderstandthegrammarofthesentence,youmustbreakit__intoparts.A.downB.upC.offD.out[考场错解]B[专家把脉]考生对breakdown与breakup含义区别不明白“breakdown”分解vteg.Sugarandstarch(淀粉)arebrokendowninthestomach.“breakup”分开vieg.sentencesbreakupintoclauses.“breakoff”与“breakout”后不跟into,故选A.[对症下药]A专家会诊1.动词及动词短语几乎年年必考，所涉及到的动词知识都是常用，的常见的。2.平时要进行大量的阅读，在阅读中去理解动语短语get,come,lookput,turn,take,send第3页（共22页）set,carry,call,have,care,pay,hold,keep,think,hear,make,give,hend,deal,ask等。3.多记一些常见动词及短语的含义和用法并学会在特定语境中灵活运用。以下为常见短语动词:一、动词+介词/副词短语例句Acton照……行事Heactsonprinciples.answerfor对……负责Youwillanswerforwhatyou’vedone.Arm...against带武器以防Hearmedhimselfagainstwildanimals.agreewith同意(某人)Iagreewithher.agreeto同意(建议等)Theyagreedtotheproposal.apreeon(in)同意商定(问题，条件等)Theyagreedonthequestion.arriveat／in到达(某地)HearrivedinNanjingatfiveo’clockyesterdaymornring.Atmat瞄准Heaimedthegunatthebird.Askafter问候Myfateraskedafteryou.Askfor请求Theboyaskedformorefood.borrow．．．from从……借来HeborrowedalikefromMary.believein信任Weallbelieveinher.belongto属于Thehousebelongstome.burstinto突然……起来Sheburstintotearsatthenews.beginat从(页)开始Todayweshallbeginatpage40.Babe...on根据hebasedtheconclusiononexperiments.beataboutthebush绕弯子Tellmethetruth.Don’tbeataboutthebush.Consistof由……组成Thesocietyconsistsoffivemembers.congratulate……on祝贺Wecongratulatedheronwinningthecontest.cometoanend结束Thetalkcometoanendatten.compare．．．to把……比作Hecomparedtheyoungtotherisingsun.compare．．．with同……相比Shecomparedthebluepenwiththeredpen.carebr喜欢；照料Hedoesn’tcareforplayingfootball.Change．．．for用……交换Hechangedhisradioforarecorder.第4页（共22页）ChanSefrom．．．to从……转到ShechangedfromteamAtoteamB.clearup放晴Theweatherclearedupintheafternoon.comeacross偶然碰到Icameacrossanoldfriendinthestreet.comeinto想出；进入Anideasuddenlycameintomymind.ca11up打电话Ishallcallherupsoon.Csllfor叫(人)Hewillcallforyouintheevening.callfor为……叫喊Heheardsomeonecallingforhelp.cdllon访问(某人)ShewillcallonafriendonSunday.cdllon号召ThePartycalledonustostudyhard.Cure...of治愈Fhemedicinecuredhimofhispain.dependon依靠Hedependedonhismotherinlife.disagreewith与……意见不同Hedisagreedwithherovertheplan.Dieof因……病、饥饿等而死Themandiedofcancer.Diefrom因……伤、意外等而死Thediedmandiedfromaseriouswound.Diefor为……而死Hediedforthepeople.devoteto把……用于shedevotedallhermoneytohuvinebooks.engedin从事，忙于Heisengagedinwritingnewbook.Endwith以……结束Thepartyendedwithdancing.failin在……失败Shefailedinwinningthegame.findout查明Hehasnotfoundoutthetroubleyet.giveup放弃Nevergiveuphope.giveover克服，渡过You’llsoongetoveryourshyness.Geton(／off)上车(／下车)ShegotonthebusatGulouSquare.Geton进展Heisgettingonwellinthework.Getreadyfor准备好Hehasgotreadyforthejourney.Getin收进ThepeasantsgotinthewheatinMay.growup长大，发展Thechildrenhavealreadygrownup.givein投降(让步)Theygaveinatlast.Getup起床Shegetsupearlyeverymorning.Goon继续Themeetingwentondeepintothenight.第5页（共22页）goallout竭尽全力Theywentallouttobuildtheairport.Sothrough通过；细察Shewentthroughthebookbeforebuyingit.goover复习，看一遍Shewentoverthelessonsforthreetimes.godown(日，月)落下，下沉Themoonhasgonedown.gowithout放弃，没有也行Hehadtogowithoutfood.Handin交进来Theyhandedintheirpapeps.Havenothingtodowith与……无关Hehasnothingtodowiththematter.Havesomethingtodowith与……无关Doesshehaveanythingtodowiththecase?Headfor朝……去Theshipisheadingforthenearestport.Helpwith帮助HehelpedherwithherEnglish.Help...in在……帮助HehelpedherinstudyinEnglish.Hopefor希望(得到)Sheh