高英-Inaugural-Address-课后习题答案

Ⅱ.A.2.AccordingtoKennedy，thebeliefstillatissuearoundtheglobeisthebeliefthatallmanarecreatedequalandGodhasgiventhemcertaininalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercantakeawayfromthem．3.Britain，Canada，Australia，NewZealand．andinawidersenseonemayalsoincludeFrance．4.Kennedyconsidersasfriends：a)theoldalliesoftheU．S．，suchasBritain，Canada，Australia，NewZealandandthewesternEuropeancountries；b)thecountriesinSouthAmericaand；c)manyofthedevelopingcountriesinAsiaandAfricathatrelyonU．S．aid．Heconsidersallsocialistcountriesasfoes(allthattimethesocialistcampheadedbytheSovietUnion)andthosedevelopingcountriespreparingtotakethesocialistroad．5.ThepeoplewhoareinhutsandvillagesarethepoorpeopleinbackwarddevelopingcountriesinAfricaandAsia．(Studentgivecommentsontherestoftheanswer．)6.ThestatedpolicyofKennedytowardsLatinAmericaissummedupinthephrase“allianceforprogress”．Kennedypledgedtotakeconcretestepstoassistthesegovernmentsandpeopleincastingoffthechainsofpoverty．7.Kennedy’spolicytowards“hisadversary”isnegotiationfromapositionofstrength．TheU．S．mustfirstbestrongenoughtodeterheradversary．FromthisstrongpositionofabsolutemilitarysuperiorityKennedyproposesnegotiatingwiththesocialistcamp(ortheSovietUnion)onthefollowingproblems：a)armscontrol，b)cooperationinthefieldsofscience，technology，artsandcommerce，c)anewworldsystem．8.Hecallsonhisfellow—Americanstomakenewsacrifices．todowhathiscountrycallsonhimtodo．Heshouldbepreparedtosacrificeeverything，evenhislifeifnecessary，todefendfreedom，towageconstantwaragainsttyranny，poverty，diseaseandwar．The“longtwilightstruggle”isnotahotwarbutaconstant，perseveringfightagainsttyranny，poverty，diseaseandthethreatofwar．Ⅱ.B.1.Therhetoricaldevicesemployedincluded：figuresofspeech，parallelandballancedstructures，repetitionofimportantwordsandphrases，andantitheses．2.①.United，thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofcooperativeventures.Divided，thereislittlewecando．forwedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder.②.Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor．itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.③.Letbothsidesexplorewhatproblemsuniteusinsteadofbelaboringthoseproblemswhichdivideus.④.Andso，myfellowAmericansasknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou；askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.3.Yes，theaddressiswellorganized．Kennedyaddressedhisoldfriendsfirstwithsweetestwordsandthenhisfoeswithsharpwords．Theorderisclearandappropriate．4.Inthishighlyrhetoricaladdress，therearemanyexamplestoshowthatKennedyisveryparticularandcarefulinhischoiceofanduseofwordsaswellashischoiceofsentencepatternsandstructures.Forexample,inthesentenceTooursisterrepublicssouthofourborder,weofferaspecialpledge,thewordsister'isparticularlychosentoconnoteequalityandmutualgoodrelationsinhisattempttoallaythetraditionalfearsthesecountrieshaveoftheirpowerfulbigbrotherinthenorth.AndinthesentenceFinally,tothosenationswhowouldmakethemselvesouradversary,weoffernotapledgebutarequest,thephrasewouldmakethem-selvesouradversaryisagaincleverlychosentothrowtheblameforconfrontationandworldtensionontheotherparty,ItsuggeststhattheUnitedStateshasdonenothingtocreateenemies.ItistheothersidethatischallengingtheU.S.,andthelatterisforcedtotakethechallengealthoughitreallywantspeace.5.Kennedycarefullymadehistoneandmessagesuitedtothedifferentgroupsheaddresses.Inhisaddressthereisproclaimedloyaltytooldalliestosustainunity,assuredhelpandsupporttominorfriendstokeepthemcloselytiedtotheU.S.,warningadvicetonewbornstomakethemover,andveiledthreat,warningand!advicetotheenemycamptocheckambitionsonthepartoftheenemies.6.Amongthepassagesmostlikelytobequoted:maybeweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoetoassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty,asthisisnotonlyacarefullythoughtout,well-ballancedsentenceeasytorememberandelegantlypleasanttoreadaloud,butalsoasentencethatbestexpressestheproudfeelingsoftheAmericansastheself-appointedleaderofthefreedemocraciesKennedy'scallforAmericanstoasknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountryisalsoveryoftenquotedbecauseitrepresentstheenterprisingspiritoftheAmericansofwhichKennedyisabestexample.7.Kennedy'sargumentandpersuasionisbasedmainlyone-motionalappealratherthanfacts.Thistypeofspeechwouldnotbesuccessfulonalloccasions.Itcanbesuccessfulonlywhentheaudienceisalreadyexcitedanddoesnothavemuchtimetothinkorwhentheaudienceisalreadysusceptibletothemessageofthespeaker.Ⅲ.1.OurancestorsfoughtarevolutionarywartomaintainthatallmenwerecreatedequalandGodhadgiventhemcertainunalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercouldtakeawayfromthem.Buttodaythisissuehasnotyetbeendecidedinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.2.Thismuchwepromisetodoandwepromisetodomore.3.Unitedandworkingtogetherwecanaccomplishalotofthingsinagreatnumberofjointundertakings.4.TheUnitedNationsisourlastandbesthopeofsurvivalinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefarsurpassedtheinstrumentsofpeace.5.WepledgetohelptheUnitedNationsenlargetheareainwhichitsauthorityandmandatewouldcontinuetobeineffectorinforce.6.beforetheterribleforcesofdestruction,whichsciencecannowrelease,overwhelmmankind;beforethisself-destruction,whichmaybeplannedorbr