英语专四语法专题分析

专四词汇语法应对策略方立宁20090151404李鸿雁20090151410李莹20090151412郑玉萍20090151425庄静宜20090151427近年来专业四级考试中GrammarandVocabulary部分中，约50%为语法结构。语法考题的涉及面宽，几乎所有词类；三种动词的非谓语形式；各种从句及关系词的用法；动词时态、虚拟语气、情态动词的用法；独立主格，主谓一致，倒装，强调、并列结构等基本语法知识。这些还会反复出现。语法的应对策略：1．全面掌握基本语法点，重点记住各个项目中的“偏，特，难”点。2．掌握常用习惯用法和词组。3．注意在阅读中培养语感，因为在语篇层次上培养的语感往往可以直接帮助答题。4．研究以往考试试题，适当做些练习记住典型题例。专业四级考试要求我们掌握的语法内容，具体如下：1.名词：可数及不可数名词；抽象、专有、物质名词的数；'s属格的各种意义；某些以-s结尾的名词的数；集体名词的数。2.限定词：限定词与三类名词的搭配关系；限定词与限定词的搭配关系；冠词的类指、特指和独指；冠词的习惯用法；some,any和no的用法。3.代词：不定代词one,some,anyone及不定代词one,they,we,you,he的用法；物主代词，非人称代词的用法；反身代词及其他动词宾语的用法。••4.动词的时：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成体；一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成体；将来时，过去将来时等的各种表达法和用法；情态动词的各种用法；虚拟式，被动态的用法；不定式和不定式分句，-ing分词和–ing分句、–ed分词和–ed分句的用法。•5.定语从句，名词性从句（包括宾语、主语、表语、同位语从句等）；状语从句（包括时间、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、让步等状语从句）。•6.直接引语，间接引语，并列结构，从属结构（包括独立结构，无动词分句，非限定分句和限定分句的转换）；形容词和副词的比较级、最高级；介词与介词词组；附加疑问句；存在句；主谓一致；后置、前置与倒装；省略。常考考点：•1）虚拟语气的考点为：•wouldrather＋that从句＋一般过去时；wouldrather,hadrather,wouldsooner,wouldassoon后接省略that的从句，表示“希望，情愿，宁愿”，从句谓语用过去时Eg：1）I’dratheryoudidnotwinthatgame.2）I'dratheryouhadn'ttoldmeaboutit.•Itisvital／necessary／important／urgent／imperative／desirable／advisable／natural／essential＋that＋动词原形；eg：1）Itisnecessarythathe(should)realizehissituation.2）Itisessentialthatthismissionnotfail.【历年真题】.Theopeningceremonyisagreatoccasion.Itisessential_____forthat.a.forustobepreparedb.thatwearepreparedc.ofustobepreparedd.ourbeingprepared•Itistime／abouttime／hightime＋that＋一般过去时；eg:1)It’stimethatwedidourhomework.2)It’sthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.•proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；•eg:1)Hesuggestedthatapetition(should)bedrawnup.•lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；ifonly＋that＋would＋动词原形。2）状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用attimes，provided，solongas，incase，once等来替代if；由evenif／so，nowthat，forall等引导的让步状语从句；just／hardly……when引导的时间状语从句；morethan，as……as，notsomuchas，thesameas，asmuchas等引导的比较状语从句。eg.1）YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingprovidedyoudon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.2）Assumingheisdiligentinhisstudiesatordinarytimes,heissuretopassthetest.3）Intheeventthatshehasnotbeeninformed,Iwilltellher.(如果……)【历年真题】预览1.Youwon’tgetaloan______youcanoffersomesecurity.a.lestb.incasec.unlessd.otherthan2.Thebrillianceofhissatireswas_____makeevenhisvictimslaugh.a.soastob.suchastoc.sothatd.suchthat3._____time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.a.Havingb.Givenc.Givingd.Had4.____Iwasverymuchmistaken,therewassomethingwrongwithLouise.a.Unlessb.Asc.Thoughd.Since3）独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现eg：1.Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth,wheat______byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.a.isb.beenc.bed.being（TEM-42003）2.Time______,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.a.permitb.permittingc.permittedd.permits4）情态动词多与完成时形式连用。【历年真题】1.He______unwisely,buthewasatleasttryingtodosomethinghelpful.a.mayhaveactedb.musthaveactedc.shouldactd.wouldact19992.Mushas______,Icouldn’tlendhimthemoneybecauseIsimplydidn’thavethatmuchsparecash.a.Iwouldhavelikedtob.Iwouldliketohavec.Ishouldhavetoliked.Ishouldhavelikedto19993.You______Markanything.Itwasnoneofhisbusiness.a.needn’thavetoldb.needn’ttellc.mustn’thavetoldd.mustn’ttell。5）定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词•eg：•Abovethetreesarethehills,_______magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface.•a.whereb.ofwhosec.whosed.which•2.Theyovercameallthedifficultiesandcompletedtheprojecttwomonthsaheadoftime,_____issomethingwehadnotexpected.•a.whichb.itc.thatd.what•3.Heisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnottheman_______hewastwentyyearsago.•a.whichb.thatc.whod.whom•4.Theexperimentrequiresmoremoneythan_______.如何应对词汇语法题良好的词汇积累，应建立在英语构词法基础上，结合词组扩展、近义词对比及适当联想来强化记忆，从而编织出由点及面的知识网。以下是背单词的四种有效方法：1．词根词缀法2．词组拓展法3．近义词串联法4．联想记忆法