2016春牛津译林版英语八下Unit-7《International-charities》(gram

Passivevoiceinthesimplepresentandpasttensesn.传单,散页印刷品handouttheleaflet分发,提出1.…,andabout80percentofthesecasescanbepreventedandcured.2.Theplaneisalsousedasatrainingcenter.3.Also,localdoctorsandnursesareinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations.4.…,150patientsareoperatedon.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。如：Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.我们每天都打扫教室。Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.教室每天都被(我们)打扫。被动语态的基本构成主语be动词过去分词一般现在时Iamsupported.You/We/TheyareHe/She/Itis一般过去时Iwassupported.You/We/TheywereHe/She/Itwas1.ThecakewaseatenbyDaniel.2.Nancyboughtabookyesterday.3.ThelittledogislookedafterverywellbySimon.4.HeisreadingEnglish.5.Thecomputerisboughtbymyuncle.6.Iamwokenupbymyfathereverymorning.Underlinethepassivevoiceinthefollowingsentences.Noneofthebookswastakenaway.没有一本书被拿走。动作的执行者是泛指或者不言自明时。被动语态的基本用法Thetoyisdesignedforchildren.在不知道动作的执行者是谁时。这款玩具是为孩子们设计的。需要强调动作的承受者时。Mybikewasrepaired.我的自行车修好了。Theproblemwastalkedaboutjustnow.出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。这个问题刚才被讨论过。MrWuislikedbyallofhisstudents.所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。在被动语态的句子中,如果我们需要指出动作的执行者,可以由by引出。有些动词常用于被动语态。如：HewasborninNanjing.他生于南京。ThemobilephonewasmadeinChina.这部手机是中国制造的。1.TodayEnglish_______alloverChina.A.teachB.teachesC.istaughtD.aretaught2.Themeeting_______twoweeksago.A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld3.Thethief________bythepolicelastnight.A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtD.werecaught4.Thephotos_______whenIwasyoung.A.weretakenB.wastakenC.aretakenD.istaken5.Millieismybestfriend.I___often____toherparty.A.isinvitedB.aminvitedC.areinvitedD.wasinvited6.LastyearBeijing____byabigsandstorm.A.ishitB.werehitC.willbehitD.washit主动语态和被动语态的句式转换主动语态主语She谓语(主动式)hurt宾语me.被动语态原宾语(改为主格)I谓语(被动式)washurtby原主语(改为宾格)her.主动+谓语+双宾语的句式转换主动语态主语He谓语(主动式)passed间宾me直宾abook.被动语态原直宾Abook谓语(被动式)waspassedtomeby原主语(改为宾格)him.原间宾(改为主格)I谓语(被动式)waspassed原直宾abookby原主语(改为宾格)him.1.有些动词,其主动语态形式含有被动意义。如:系动词smell,taste,sound,feel等。Thedishsmellsgood.这道菜闻起来很香。Themusicsoundsnice.这段音乐听起来不错。还有一些不及物动词,常用主动语态,和well,easily等副词连用,含有被动意义。如:read,write,draw,sell,wash,cook,clean等。Thebookssellwell.这些书很畅销。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写起来很顺滑。2.在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中,动词不定式的to常省去,但是在被动语态中要加上to。主动语态主语Theteacher谓语(主动式)made宾语him不带to的不定式retellthestory.被动语态原宾语(改为主格)He谓语(被动式)wasmade带to的不定式toretellthestoryby原主语(改为宾格)theteacher.TheClass1,Grade8studentsaretalkingaboutthedifferentthingspeoplecandoforthepoor.Lookatthepicturesandhelpthemcompletetheirnotesusingthewordsinbracketsandthepassivevoice.Addthewordbywhennecessary.areplannedtohelpthepoorWhattheydoeveryyear1.Charityactivities_________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).arehandedouttopeopleLeaflets__________________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).inthestreetbyvolunteersToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydidlastweekNewbooks___________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWarmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).werecollectedforpoorpeopleAcharityshow_____________________________(hold/theStudents’Union).washeldbytheStudents’UnionAmyandDanielaretalkingaboutcharities.Completetheirconversationwiththewordsinbracketsusingthepassivevoice.Amy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsinallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusedDaniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.iscalledwasstartedaregivenAmy:Yea.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.arebuilt把下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态,或把被动语态的句子变为主动语态。1.TomeoftenhelpsJennywhensheisintrouble.JennyisoftenhelpedbyTomwhensheisintrouble.2.Iboughtacomputerlastweek.Acomputerwasboughtbymelastweek.3.ThewholecakewaseatenbyEddieyesterday.Eddieatethewholecakeyesterday.4.Manytreesareplantedbystudentsandteacherseveryyear.Studentsandteachersplantmanytresseveryyear.5.Shetakesgoodcareofthechildren.Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofbyher.1.Reviewthecontentsofthislesson.2.Finishtheexercisesintheworkbook.3.Previewthenextlesson.