英语写作Chapter-3-The-One-Paragraph-Essay

Chapter3TheOne-ParagraphEssayInstructor:CarolynYoungOutline1.IntroductiontotheOne-ParagraphEssay2.Topicsentence3.Support:Examples,StatisticsandStatementsbyQuthorities4.Subtopicsentence5.Paragraphwriting:unityandcoherenceTheOne-ParagraphEssayAparagraphisagroupofsentencesaboutonemainidea.Theone-paragraphessayisanessayinminiature.Ithasaclear,unmistakablestructure.Ithasgoodsupport.Themiddlesentenceshelppersuadethereader.ContentsofTheOne-ParagraphEssayTellyourreaderswhatyouaregoingtotellthem.Tellittothem.Thentellthemwhatyoujusttoldthem.1.TheStructureoftheOne-ParagraphEssayThefirstsentencestatestheideayouwantyourreaderstoaccept(yourmainpoint).Itiscalledtopicsentence.Allmiddlesentencespresentspecificsupportforthatidea.Thelastsentencerestatesthetopicsentence—toremindyourreadersofthepointyou’vejustmade.TopicsentencesupportsupportsupportRewordedtopicsentenceIfyouvisitYellowstoneNationalPark,you’llalmostcertainlyseesomebigwildanimals.Forexample,Yellowstoneisknownforitsbears.Thoughtheydon’thangoutalongsidetheroadastheydid40yearsago,they’recommontospotinthevalleysandbythelake.AnothercommonwildanimalinYellowstoneisthebuffaloes(野牛).Buffaloesliketograzeinthebigmeadows(草地)thatoftenadjoin(毗连)theroadsandvillages.Finally,youcanusuallyseeelk(麋鹿)atYellowstone.Therearemorethan20,000inthepark.SoifyouvisitYellowstone,andkeepyoureyesopen,you’lllikelyseesomeofthesebigwildanimals,too.TopicsentenceYou’llseebigwildanimalsinYellowstone.specificsupportbearsspecificsupportbuffaloesspecificsupportelkRewordedtopicsentenceYou’llseebigwildanimalshere.Activity:OutlinethisparagraphIrecommendwebuyasecondcopyingmachine.First,thecopyingmachinewasbrokenforseveraldaysthismonth.Duringthattime,nobodywasabletodoanyphotocopying.Also,ithadroutinemaintenanceduringtwootherdaysthismonth.Then,too,nobodycouldusethemachine.Finally,severalpeoplehavelargecopyingprojectsthatkeepothersfromusingthemachine.Forthesethreereasons,Istronglyrecommendwebuyasecondcopyingmachine.TopicsentencespecificsupportspecificsupportspecificsupportRewordedtopicsentence2.TopicSentenceAgoodparagraphbeginswithatopicsentence.Itisfollowedbyspecificsupport.Topicsentence–themainideaoftheparagraphItisaprecisestatementoftheopinionyouwishtopersuadeyourreaderstoaccept.Astatementoffactmakepoortopicsentences.Itleavesthewriternothingimportanttosay.e.g.WilliamShakespearewroteHamlet.Whatisagoodtopicsentence?Agoodtopicsentencehastwoparts:AlimitedsubjectApreciseopinionaboutthesubject1.ChooseasubjectlimitedenoughtosupportinasingleparagraphE.g.AdvertisingTVadvertising(newspaperadvertising)sexappeal(性感)inTVadvertising(sexualattractiveness)2.Statingthepreciseopinion,makingaprecisejudgment.vaguewords:interesting,nice,good,badVaguestatement:Sexappeal(性感)inTVadvertisingisbad/good.Precisestatement:Sexappeal(性感)inTVadvertisingisirrelevanttotheproduct.Atopicsentencegivesfocustoyourpaper,foryourreaderandforyou.E.g.Forme,dieting(节食)isfutile(useless).subjectpreciseopinionActivityA.Identifythesentencesthatwouldnotmakegoodtopicsentencesbecausetheydon’tstateopinionsorbecausetheopinionsaren’tprecise.1.(1)Alaskaisourforty-ninthstate.(2)VisitorstoAlaskaseeavarietyofwildlife.2.(1)LetmedescribeBritishColumbia.(2)BritishColumbiahasspectacularscenery.3.(1)DeathValleyisthelowestpointintheUnitedStates.(2)DeathValleyisattractivetowintertourists.B.Limitthefollowinggeneralsubjectsandthenstateapreciseopinionabouteachlimitedsubject.1.GeneralSubjectCollege________________________is/are_____________________.(limitedsubject)(preciseopinion)2.GeneralSubjectentertainment________________________is/are_____________________.(limitedsubject)(preciseopinion)3.Support:Examples,Statistics,StatementbyauthoritiesAparagraphbeginswithatopicsentencethatisfollowedbysupport.(1)Examples(2)Statistics(3)Statementbyauthorities(1)ExamplesThesecrettogoodwriting—therealsecret—isusingexamples.Twotypesofexamples:QuickexamplesandNarrativeexamplesQuickexamples:oneinstance,oneoccurrenceofwhatever’syouaretalkingabout.Quickexamplesmustbespecific.SentenceswithoutquickexamplesThereweremanyexpensivecarsintheschool’sparkinglotduringthefootballgame.Youcouldtellspringwasherebecauseofalltheflowersinbloom.SentenceswithquickexamplesThereweremanyexpensivecarsintheschool’sparkinglotduringthefootballgame:Mercedes,Porsches,andredFerraris.Youcouldtellspringwasherebecauseofalltheflowersinbloom:tulips(郁金香)ofallcolors,yellowdaffodils(水仙花)andevenafewearlydandelions(蒲公英).Quickexamplestakegeneralandratherabstracttermsandmakethemmuchmoreconcrete(具体).AParagraphthatDependonQuickExamplesInthatbook,Annisnotedforherimagination.Forexample,sheimagineshernameisdifferent—Gordelia—becauseitsoundssomuchmoreelegantthanAnn.Anothertimesheusesherimaginationiswhenshe’swearingashabby(破旧的)dress.Sheimaginessheiswearingthemostbeautifulpalebluesilkdress.Finally,asalonelyperson,sheimaginesherreflectioninaglassbookcaseisanotherperson—afriendshecantalkwith.NarrativeexamplesAquickexamplesjustoneinstance,oneoccurrence.Anarrativeexampleisabriefstory.Itisanane