英语语法：不规则名词复数表

英语不规则名词复数表1.以f或fe结尾：大多数以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式时将其转为ves，但个别直接加s：*roof→roofs屋顶*gulf→gulfs海湾*grief→griefs悲伤,悲痛,担心*cliff→cliffs悬崖,峭壁*beef→beefs牛肉*chief→chiefs首长,首领*proof→proofs证明*staff→staffs全体职员2.元音：改变它们的元音声：*-man→-men男……*-woman→-women女……*fireman→firemen消防员*foot→feet脚*goose→geese鹅*tooth→teeth牙齿*mouse→mice老鼠*louse→lice虱子3.古代英语：有些是沿用古代英语：*child→children小孩,儿童*ox→oxen牛,阉牛4.以o结尾：①以o结尾的单词加“s”：(无生命)*auto→autos[美口]汽车*kangaroo→kangaroos袋鼠*kilo→kilos千克,公斤*memo→memos[口]备忘录*photo→photos照片*piano→pianos钢琴*pimento→pimentos多香果*pro→pros赞成意见*con→cons反对意见*solo→solos,soli独唱,独奏*soprano→sopranos女高音*studio→studios工作室*tattoo→tattoos文身*video→videos视频*zoo→zoos动物园*bamboo→bamboos竹子②有的则加“es”（有生命）：*echo→echoes回声,反响*embargo→embargoes禁运,禁运令*hero→heroes英雄*potato→potatoes土豆*tomato→tomatoes番茄*torpedo→torpedoes鱼雷,水雷*veto→vetoes否决,否决权*negro→negroes黑人③有的两种都可以：*buffalo→buffalos/buffaloes/buffalo水牛*cargo→cargos/cargoes(船/飞机的)货物*halo→halos/haloes光环*mosquito→mosquitos/mosquitoes蚊子*motto→mottos/mottoes箴言,格言*no→nos/noes没有*tornado→tornados/tornadoes龙卷风*volcano→volcanos/volcanoes火山*zero→zeros/zeroes零*commando→commands/commandoes突击员5.不变：单复数一样：*cod→cod鳕鱼*deer→deer鹿*fish→fish鱼,鱼类*offspring→offspring子孙,后裔,幼崽*perch→perch鲈鱼*sheep→sheep绵羊*trout→trou鲑鱼*bison→bison野牛*moose→moose驼鹿*aircraft→aircraft飞机,飞行器*barracks→barracks兵营*crossroads→crossroads十字路口*dice→dice骰子*gallows→gallows绞刑架*headquarters→headquarters总部*means→means方法,手段,途径*series→series系列*species→species物种6.借用单词：英语中有些单词是借用其他语言的。部分借用单词的复数跟随外语形式，下面每行的第二个单词都是外语形式，第三个为现时英语使用：①以“a”结尾的转为“ae”：*alga→algae水藻*amoeba→amoebae,amoebas变形虫*antenna→antennae,antennas触角,天线*formula→formulae,formulas公式*larva→larvae(昆虫的)幼虫*nebula→nebulae,nebulas星云*vertebra→vertebrae,vertebras脊椎骨*alumna→alumnae女校友②以“u”结尾的转为“ux”：*beau→beaux,beaus情郎,纨绔子弟*bureau→bureaux,bureaus局,机构*tableau→tableaux,tableaus舞台造型,场景*plateau→plateaux,plateaus高原,平顶③以“us”结尾的转为“-ora”、“-era”（适用于专业术语）：*corpus→corpora资料,文集,文献*genus→genera(动植物的)属,类④以“us”结尾的转为“i”：*alumnus→alumni校友*bacillus→bacilli杆菌*cactus→cacti,cactuses仙人球,仙人掌*focus→foci焦点*fungus→fungi,funguses真菌*nucleus→nuclei核心,原子核*octopus→octopi,octopuses章鱼*radius→radii,radiuses半径*stimulus→stimuli刺激物,促进因素*syllabus→syllabi,syllabuses大纲,提纲*terminus→termini终点,目标,界碑*hippopotamus→hippopotami河马*genius→genii,geniuses天才*abacus→abaci,abacuses算盘⑤以“um”结尾的转为“a”：*addendum→addenda附录,补遗*bacterium→bacteria细菌*curriculum→curricula,curriculums总课程*datum→data数据*erratum→errata写错,排错,勘误*medium→media媒体*memorandum→memoranda,memorandums备忘*ovum→ova卵子,卵细胞*stratum→strata,stratums岩层,地层,阶层*symposium→symposia,symposiums座谈会*agendum→agenda议程*vacuum→vacua,vacuums真空,空虚,空白*gymnasium→gymnasia健身房,体育馆*stadium→stadia,stadiums体育场*forum→fora,forums论坛*minimum→minima最小量*ultimatum→ultimata,ultimatums最后通牒⑥以“ex”或“ix”结尾的转为“ices”：*apex→apices,apexes顶点*appendix→appendices,appendixes附录*cervix→cervices,cervixes宫颈*index→indices,indexes目录,索引*matrix→matrices,matrixes模型,矩阵*vortex→vortices,vortexes漩涡⑦以“is”结尾的转为“es”：*analysis→analyses分析,解析,纲领*axis→axes轴线,中心线*basis→bases基础,底座,基点*crisis→crises危机,危机时刻*diagnosis→diagnoses诊断法,诊断结论*emphasis→emphases强调,重点*hypothesis→hypotheses假设,猜想*neurosis→neuroses神经机能病/官能症*oasis→oases绿洲,乐土*parenthesis→parentheses插入语,圆括号*synopsis→synopses摘要,大纲*thesis→theses论文,论题,论点*ellipsis→ellipses[语]省略*synthesis→syntheses综合,合成⑧以“on”结尾的转为“a”：*criterion→criteria(批评/判断的)标准*phenomenon→phenomena现象,征兆*automaton→automata机器人,机械手⑨英语中沿用其他语言的规则：意大利语：“o”转为“i”*libretto→libretti(歌剧等的)剧本*tempo→tempi拍子,节奏,速度*virtuoso→virtuosi,virtuosos艺术家*concerto→concerti协奏曲希伯来语：加“im”*cherub→cherubim小天使*seraph→seraphim六翼天使希腊语：加“ta”*schema→schemata概要,计划,图表*stigma→stigmata耻辱的标记,瑕疵二、不规则名词复数列表（前面提到的除外）A*abacus→abaci,abacuses算盘*addendum→addenda附录,补遗*agendum→agenda议程*aircraft→aircraft飞机,飞行器*alga→algae水藻*alumna→alumnae[美]女校友*alumnus→alumni校友*analysis→analyses分析,解析,纲领*antenna→antennas,antennae天线,触角*apex→apices,apexes顶点*appendix→appendices,appendixes附录*automaton→automata机器人,机械手*axis→axes轴线,中心线B*bacillus→bacilli杆菌*bacterium→bacteria细菌*basis→bases基础,底座,基点*beau→beaux,beaus情郎,纨绔子弟*beef→beefs牛肉*bison→bison野牛*brace→brace支架,背带,花括号*buffalo→buffalos,buffaloes,buffalo水牛*bureau→bureaux,bureaus局,机构*bus→busses,buses公共汽车C*cactus→cactuses,cacti仙人球,仙人掌*calf→calves牛犊*cargo→cargos/cargoes(船/飞机的)货物*cervix→cervices,cervixes宫颈*cherub→cherubim小天使*chief→chiefs首长,首领*child→children儿童,小孩*Chinese→Chinese中国*cliff→cliffs悬崖,峭壁*cod→cod*鳕鱼*corps→corps军队,特种部队*corpus→corpora,corpuses资料,文集,文献*crisis→crises危机,危机时刻*criterion→criteria(批评/判断的)标准*curriculum→curricula,curriculums总课程D*datum→data数据*deer→deer鹿*dice→dice骰子*dwarf→dwarfs,dwarves小矮人*diagnosis→diagnoses诊断法,诊断结论E*echo→echoes回声,反响*elf→elves小精灵*ellipsis→ellipses[语]省略*embargo→embargoes禁运,禁运令*emphasis→emphases强调,重点*erratum→errata写错,排错,勘误F*fireman→firemen消防员*fish→fish,fishes鱼,鱼类*focus→focuses焦点*foot→feet脚*formula→formulae,formulas公式,方程式*forum→fora,forums论坛*fungus→fungi,funguses真菌G*genus→genera(动植物的)属,类*goose→geese鹅*gallows→gallows绞刑架*genius→genii,geniuses天才*goosefoot→goosefoots藜*grief→griefs悲伤,悲痛,担心*gulf→gulfs海湾*gymnasium→gymnasia健身房,体育馆H*half→halves一半*halo→halos,haloes光环*headquarters→headquarters总部*he