criticalthinkinginpublicspeech(英语演讲课程-陆道夫教授主讲)

CriticalThinkinginEnglishPublicSpeakingBrainstorming•VideoofbrainstormingofAmericanCollegeStudents•CommentsandleadsinMakeYourSpeechPowerfulTheoutline•Whatiscriticalthinking?•Whyiscriticalthinking?•Howiscriticalthinking?•ThePowerofpublicspeaking•Thecriticalthinkinginthepublicspeaking•TheAbilitytoReasonMyreasonforthistopic•Sharingideaswithotherpeople;•Influencingotherpeoplewithone’sideas;•Blindspotsofthinkingandshortboardofthinking(thesiswritingcourseandliteratureclass)MyreasonforthistopicThepowerofthespeechthathaschangedthecourseofhistory–MahatmaGandhi–EleanorRoosevelt–WinstonChurchill–NelsonMandela–RonaldReagan–MartinLutherKing–BillClinton–BarackObama–MaoZedongMyreasonforthistopicInasurveyofnearly500businessadministrativepersonnelandprofessionalsinChina,speakingandlisteningwererankedasthemostimportantEnglishskillsrequiredintheirjobs.TheabilitytospeakeffectivelyissoprizedthatcollegegraduatesinChinaareincreasinglybeingaskedtogiveapresentationaspartoftheiriobinterview;Myreasonforthistopic•Themostimportantpartofspeakingisthinking.•Thegoalofpublicspeakingistocommunicateworthythoughtsinaneffectivemanner;•Asyouplanthestructureofthespeeches,youwilllearnhowtoorganizeyourthoughtslogicallyandcohesively;•Asyouworkonexpressingyourideas,youwillenhanceyourabilitytothinkclearlyandaccurately;•Asyoustudytheroleofevidenceandreasoninginspeechmaking,youwillseehowtheycanbeusedinotherformsofcommunicationaswell.Whatiscriticalthinking?•“reasonablereflectivethinkingfocusedondecidingwhattobelieveortodo.”•thinkingaboutthinking,itisahigher-orderthinkingthatquestionsassumptions.Whatiscriticalthinking?•theintellectuallydisciplinedprocessofactivelyandskillfullyconceptualizing,applying,analyzing,sumarizing,orevaluatinginformationgatheredfrom,orgeneratedby,observation,experience,reflection,reasoning,orcommunication,asaguidetobeliefandaction;•Itisawayofdecidingwhetheraclaimistrue,false,orsometimestrueandsometimesfalse,orpartlytrueandpartlyfalse;Whatiscriticalthinking?•theprocessofpurposeful,self-regulatoryjudgment,whichusesreasonedconsiderationtoevidence,context,conceptualizations,methods,andcriteria.•Criticalthinkingclarifiesgoals,examinesassumptions,discernshiddenvalues,evaluatesevidence,accomplishesactions,andassessesconclusionsWhyiscriticalthinking?•Criticalthinkingcanoccurwheneveronejudges,decides,orsolvesaproblem;ingeneral,wheneveronemustfigureoutwhattobelieveorwhattodo,anddosoinareasonableandreflectiveway.•Criticalthinkingiscrucialtobecomingaclosereaderandasubstantivewriter.Becausewriting,speaking,andlisteningcanallbedonecriticallyoruncritically.Whyiscriticalthinking?•Criticalthinkingisself-disciplined,self-monitored,andself-correctivethinking.Itpresupposesassenttorigorousstandardsofexcellenceandmindfulcommandoftheiruse.•Criticalthinkingisconsideredimportantintheacademicfieldsbecauseitenablesonetoanalyze,evaluate,explain,andreconstructtheirthinking;Whyiscriticalthinking?•Criticalthinkingcandecreasetheriskofadopting,actingon,orthinkingwith,afalsebelief---prejudice,bias,propaganda,self-deception,distortion,misinformation,etc;•Criticalthinkingentailseffectivecommunicationandproblemsolvingabilitiesandacommitmenttoovercomeournativeegocentrismandsociocentrism.Howiscriticalthinking?•observation,interpretation,analysis,inference,evaluation,explanation,andmeta-cognition.•Recognizeproblems,tofindworkablemeansformeetingthoseproblems;•Understandtheimportanceofprioritizationandorderofprecedenceinproblemsolving;•Gatherandmarshalrelevantinformation•Recognizeunstatedassumptionsandvalues;Howiscriticalthinking?Howiscriticalthinking?•Comprehendanduselanguagewithaccuracy,clarity,anddiscemment;•Interpretdata,toappraiseevidenceandevaluatearguments;•Recognizetheexistence(ornon-existence)oflogicalrelationshipsbetweenpropositions;•Drawwarrantedconclusionsandgeneralizations•Puttotesttheconclusionsandgeneralizationsatwhichonearrives;•Reconstructone'spatternsofbeliefsonthebasisofwiderexperience;•Renderaccuratejudgmentsaboutspecificthingsandqualitiesineverydaylife;Howiscriticalthinking?•raisesimportantquestionsandproblems,formulatingthemclearlyandprecisely;•gathersandassessesrelevantinformation,usingabstractideastointerpretiteffectively;•comestowell-reasonedconclusionsandsolutions,testingthemagainstrelevantcriteriaandstandards;Howiscriticalthinking?•thinksopen-mindedlywithinalternativesystemsofthought,recognizingandassessing,asneedbe,theirassumptions,implications,andpracticalconsequences•communicateseffectivelywithothersinfiguringoutsolutionstocomplexproblems,withoutbeingundulyinfluencedbyothers'thinkingonthetopic.1.Yourappearance?2.Yourbodylanguages?3.Yourspeechskills?4.Yourpronunciation?5.Yourintonation?Whatcaresmostinpublicspeech?Howtouseyourlanguage?Howtodeliveryspeech?HowtoMakeYourSpeechPowerful?AccuratelyClearlyVividlyAppropriatelyinclusivelyClearlyVividlyAccuratelyAppropriately☆MarkTwainsaid,“Thedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmostrightwordisthedifferencebetweenlightingandthelightingbug.☆shortspeeches,shortclausesandshortwords☆properwordsinproperplace