主语从句(同步)

1主语从句概念引入Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.她来不来都无关紧要。WhatIwanttoknowisthis.我想知道的就是这事。Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasnotbeenannounced.飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。语法讲解什么是主语从句？在复合句中由一个句子作主句的主语的从句叫主语从句。Whatmattersisnotwinningbutparticipating.Idon’tknowwhyheisalwaysfindingfaultwithme.Myhometownisnolongerwhatitusedtobetenyearsago.HeexpressedhishopethathewouldcometoChengduagain.其中划横线的部分就是名词性从句。主语从句引导词：1.由what等代词引导的从句,表示“所……的(东西)”，实际上等于一个先行词加上一个定语从句，也可以由-ever等代词引导。比如:Whattheyaretalkingaboutisnothingvaluable.WhatIreallywantistohaveagoodrest.Whatevershedidiswrong.比较：Whatevershedid,sheiswrong.Whoeverpassestheexamcanget50yuan.比较：Whoeverpassestheexam,Iwillgivehim50yuan.比较：Whopassestheexamisstillnotclear.2.由that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语it来代替。Thathehasdisappearedworrieshisparents.Itworrieshisparentsthathehasdisappeared.Itisnotlikelythathecanwinthelottery.Itisabigsurprisethatheisstillalive.3.由连接代词、连接副词或whether引导的从句。Whenshewillbebackisstillaquestion.Wheretheyhadputthefilestroubledthespy.Whetherhewilltakepartintheplayisunclear.WhetherornothewillgotoJapanisuptoher.在下面5种情况下，只能用whether表示“是否”：1)Whetherhewillcomeherestillneedstotalkabout.Itisnotclearwhetherhewillcomehere.2)Iamnotsurewhetherornothewillcomeherenextweek.Nobodyknowswhetherthesingerwillcomeoutornot.2引导主语从句的连接词有三类：(1)连词that、whether:(从属连词）在从句中不作任何成分Whetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.Whetherwecangotopicnictomorrowisstillaquestion.Thatthewoundedsoldierisstillaliveisawonder.ThatMr.Zhouwillcomeiscertain.Whethertheworkcanbecompletedontimeisdoubtful.(2)连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等.连接代词在从句中充当主语，宾语,表语或定语，不能省略。Whatshedidisnotyetknown.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whateverhedidisright.Whoeverbreakstheruleshouldbepunished.Whowillgomakesnodifference.Whomshelovesisclearenough.她爱的是谁已经够清楚了。Whosewalletwasstolenmustbemadeclear.谁的钱包被偷了必须被搞清楚。（3)连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。它们在句中充当状语，不能省略。此类主语从句也可以用带有形式主语it的句子转换。Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Howthepyramidswerebuiltisstillamystery.主语从句后置:为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.用it作形式主语的结构A.It+系动词+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,unlikely,certain,probable,necessary,right,wrong,important,certain,clear,strange，etc.)+that从句。如：Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.B.It+系动词+名词词组+that从句(nowonder,nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,ashame,goodnews,afact,etc.)+that从句。如：It’snowonderthatyouhaveachievedsomuchsuccess.真可惜你没出席昨天的讲座。It’sapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelectureyesterdayC.It+be+过去分词(said,told,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,heard,suggested，etc.)+that从句。3翻译成：据…(说/报道/认为/预测/决定/通知/安排/听说/建议）如：ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.It+特殊不及物动词+that从句D.It+（seems/-ed,appears/-ed,happens/-ed,）+thatItseemsthatyouareagainst(反对)theplan.你似乎反对这个计划。IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenawaywhenyoucalled.E.It+doesn’tmatter(makesnodifference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.注：在主语从句中用来表示“惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此，要求，建议”等语时，谓语动词用“should+do”it’snecessary/important/strange/natural/+thatsb.shoulddosth.Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that。。。Itissuggested(requested,proposed提议，desired请求)thatsb.shoulddosth.学生上课认真听讲是很重要的。Itisimportantthatthestudentsshouldlistencarefullyinclass.主语从句是英语写作中经常使用的句型，它常常借助于形式主语it，请用it改写以下句子：1.Thattheearthgoesaroundthesunisknowntousall.Itisknowntousallthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.2.Thatheknowsnothingaboutitisstrange.Itisstrangethatheknowsnothingaboutit.3.Whenfloodstuckthewesternareaswasn’treported.Itwasn’treportedwhenfloodstuckthewesternareas.4.Whetherhecancomeornotdependsonhisparents.Itdependsonhisparentswhetherhecancomeornot.5.Thathedidn’tattendthemeetingsurprisedus.Itsurprisedusthatthehedidn’tattendthemeeting.6.WhetherClassFivecandefeat(战胜)ClassFourisn’tknownyet.Itisn’tknownyetwhetherClassFivecandefeat(战胜)ClassFour.4.主语从句需注意的问题1.“if”不能引导主语从句，应由“whether”引导。2.主语从句中用陈述语序3.主语从句的“that”一般不能省。4.“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：1）常与其后的名词作表语一致2）根据句子的语境而定。1.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3.Whetherhe’llcomehereisnotclear.4.if/whether引导的主语从句5.表示“是否”意义时whether引导的主语从句可以放于句首、句末，if引导的主语从句不能位于句首；但如果有形式主语it引导时，两者都可用。6.Whethertheworkcanbecompletedontimeisdoubtful.47.It’sdoubtfulwhether/iftheworkcanbecompletedontime.8.5.Wh–类连接副词或连接代词引导的主语从句可放于句首，也可放句尾。9.Whenthenewroadisopentotraffichasnotbeenmadeclear.Ithasnotbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadisopentotraffic.wh-ever引导的让步状语从句及名词性从句比较下列句子：Hebelieveswhateverhiswifesays.(whatever=anythingthat名词性从句)Hebelieveshiswifewhatevershesays.(whatever=nomatterwhat让步状语从句)Whoeverbreakstheschoolrulesshouldbepunished.(whoever=anyonewho名词性从句)Whoeverbreakstheschoolrules，hewillbepunished.(whoever=nomatterwho让步状从)巩固练习：选择正确的引导词1.Itdoesn’tmatter________shewillcomeornot.(whether/that)2.________wewillstarthasn’tbeendecided.(when/w