您好,欢迎访问三七文档
状语和状语从句状语的定义和作用状语的位置和形式状语的定义和作用状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。状语的形式和位置在所有的语法范畴中,状语的形式最多样,它可以是单词、词组或从句;可以是副词(短语)、介词短语、分词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、状语从句等。与其他语法范畴相比,状语的位置也最灵活,它可以出现在句首、句中或句末。例如:Immediatelyhereplied.(句首)Heimmediatelyreplied.(句中)Herepliedimmediately.(句尾)副词(短语)作状语Sheisalwayslosingherkeys.她总是丢钥匙。Johndrovetooslowly.约翰开车太慢。介词短语作状语Let’sgohome.Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.好鱼居水底Ihavelivedhereforthreeyears.我住这已经3年了。分词(短语)作状语Shesattheredoingnothing.她坐在那里无所事事。(doing的逻辑主语是she,它们之间是主动的关系)Givenbetterattention,thetreescangrowwell.如果得到更好的管理,这些树可以长得很好。(given的逻辑主语是thetrees,它们之间是被动的关系)为了表示明确的时间或条件,有时可在分词前加when,while,if等连词。例如:Whenleavingtheairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.当离开机场的时候,她向我们频频招手。Whilewaitingforthetrain,IhadalongtalkwithJane.在等火车的时候,我与珍妮进行了长谈。Iftranslatedwordbyword,thesentencewillbemeaningless.如果逐字翻译,这个句子就没有意义。分词有时也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语(即与句子的主语不一致),这种结构称为独立结构,在很多情况下表示时间、原因、条件或伴随的动作或情况。例如:Theholidaysbeingover,theybegantogetdowntodotheirworkagain.假期结束了,他们又开始认真地工作。Somanypeoplebeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.这么多人缺席,我们决定把会议延期。【特别提醒】现在分词表示主动的意思,表示动作正在进行;过去分词表示被动的意思,表示动作的完成。动词不定式(短语)作状语Shewasslowtomakeuphermind.她迟迟不能下决心。Tobehonest,Ididn’tenjoytheparty.说实话,我不喜欢这个聚会。Welivetoservethepeopleheartandsoul.我们活着是为了全心全意为人民服务。副词性从句---状语从句状语从句的种类对比训练与巩固1.WhileIwaswonderingatthis,ourschoolmastertookhisplace.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.()3.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.()4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Socleverwasheastudentthathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.()6.Aslongasyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceed.()7.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.()8.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.()时间地点原因目的结果条件让步方式状语从句的分类时间状语从句原因状语从句地点状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句状语从句有九种,时地原因条状补,目比结果方让步,连词引导各不同;主句通常前面走,连词引导紧随后,从句若在主前头,主从之间有个逗。引导词可分为两部分whenaswhilebeforeafteruntil(till)sinceassoonaseverytimenexttimethefirst/…lasttimethemomenttheminuteinstantlyimmediatelydirectly(一…就…)1、时间状语从句:引导时间状语从句的从属连词有:when,while,as,whenever,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas,once…等引导。如:Whenhewasstillayoungman,hewasforcedtoleavehishomelandforpoliticalreasons.Ithasbeen15yearssinceheleft.I’lltellhimthenewsassoonasIseehim.Onceyouhavegotusedtoit,youwilllikeit.Iwaitedtillhehadfinishedhiswork.注意:(1)when,as,whilewhen即可引导持续性动作,又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如:WhenIwasaboy,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.(同时)Whenthelessonwasover,webeganourwriting.(从句动作在前)as引导持续性动作,侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday.Hesangashewalked.While:指的是“在某一时间里”,“在…期间”,从句里的动作必须是持续性的,它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生,往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。如:WhilehewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.WhilewewerewatchingTV,hewaswritingacomposition.while也可做并列连词,表示对照的意思。如:Heistallwhilehisbrotherisshort.当when,as,while表示“在…一段时间里”,主从句的动作同时发生时,可以换用。如:While(When或As)wewerediscussing,Mr.Smithcamein.(2)如果when和before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时不能译成“当…时候”和“在…之前”,而要译成“就”、“才”、“这时”等。如:ThestrugglelastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsawhim.(3)bythetime,eachtime,everytime,immediately,themoment,theinstant,theminute,soonafter,shortlyafter都可以作为连词,引导时间状语。如:Bythetimehewasfourteen,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathematics.Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.Youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes.IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.讲练结合:1.-DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?-Yes.Igaveittoher______Isawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once2.Ithoughtherniceandhonest______Imether.A.firsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttimeD.bythefirsttime3.______enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport.A.HehardlyhadB.HadhehardlyC.HardlyhadheD.HardlyhehadBCC小结:1.一些词,如themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than等也可引导一个时间状语从句,相当于assoonas的意思。Ididn’twaitamoment,butcameimmediatelyyoucalled.2.一些含有time的名词短语,如everytime,eachtime,nexttime,bythetime等,以及theday,theyear,themorning等,也可引导一个时间状语从句。Thedayhereturnedhome,hisfatherwasalreadydead.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition.3.如果hardly或nosooner或scarcely置于句首,句子必须用部分倒装结构。HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.(4)till和until①如果主句谓语动词是持续动词,通常用肯定式的主句,表示“直到…为止”。如:Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.②如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词,则用否定式的主句表示“直到…才”。如:Ididn’tgotobeduntil(till)hecameback.③放在句首表示强调时一般用until。如:Untilhereturns,nothingcanbedone.【小结】时间状语从句常由下列连词引导:when,whenever,as,while,before,after,since,assoonas,until,once。时间状语从句还可由一些名词(themoment,theinstant,everytime等)和副词(instantly,directly等)连接。例如:I’lltelephoneyoutheinstantIknow.我一知道就立即给你打电话。EverytimeIcatchacold,mynoseruns.每次我感冒都流鼻涕。时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。例如:Youwillgettoknowwhenyougrowup.你长大后就会了解。1.时间状语从句1.Wewereswimminginthelake______suddenlythestormstarted.A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before2.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret______someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whileD.when3.Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden______itwasthebesttimeforit.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.until4.-DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?-Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock____hearrivedhome.A.BeforeB.whenC.thatD.until5.Hewasabouthalfw
本文标题:状语和状语从句
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-5263529 .html