现代英语语法大全

外语下载中心目录1.名词...............................................................................................................................................22.冠词和数词....................................................................................................................................63.代词.............................................................................................................................................104.形容词和副词..............................................................................................................................245.动词.............................................................................................................................................326.动名词..........................................................................................................................................387.动词不定式..................................................................................................................................408.特殊词精讲..................................................................................................................................489.分词.............................................................................................................................................5210.独立主格....................................................................................................................................5611.动词的时态................................................................................................................................5812.动词的语态................................................................................................................................7113.句子的种类................................................................................................................................7414.倒装............................................................................................................................................8115.主谓一致....................................................................................................................................8416.虚拟语气....................................................................................................................................8717.名词性从句................................................................................................................................9119.状语从句..................................................................................................................................10020.连词..........................................................................................................................................10621.情态动词..................................................................................................................................109外语下载中心《现代英语语法大全》(简版)1.名词名词可以分为专有名词（ProperNouns）和普通名词(CommonNouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词（IndividualNouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2）集体名词（CollectiveNouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。3）物质名词（MaterialNouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。4）抽象名词（AbstractNouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（CountableNouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（UncountableNouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：_______________________________________||专有名词|||名||个体名词||||||可数名词||||集体名词||||普通名词||||词||物质名词||||||不可数名词||||抽象名词||1.1名词复数的规则变化___________________________________________________情况构成方法读音例词__________________________________________________一般情况加-s1.清辅音后读/s/;map-maps2.浊辅音和元音后bag-bags读/z/;car-cars___________________________________________________以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-buseswatch-watches___________________________________________________以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s读/iz/license-licenses___________________________________________________以辅音字母+y变y为i结尾的词再加es读/z/baby---babies___________________________________________________外语下载中心其它名词复数的规则变化1)以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：如：twoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays比较：层楼：storey---storeysstory---stories2)以o结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加s，如：photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos；b.加es，如：potato--potatoestomato--tomatoesc.均可，如：zero---zeros/zeroes3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加s，如：belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs；b.去f,fe加ves，如：half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves；c.均可,如：handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves1.3名词复数的不规则变化1）child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。如：anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。2）单复同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japaneseli，jin，yuan，twoli，threemu，fourjin但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople，apolice