高二英语必修五第一单元知识点讲解(重要)

1必修5Unit1GreatscientistsPart1.Warmingup1.explain及物动词（vt.）解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]Heexplainedthathehadbeencheated.他解释说他是上当受骗了。Canyouexplainhowthemachineoperates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗?Pleaseexplainthisruletome.请给我讲解一下这条规则。不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解I'vegottoexplainaboutit.我得解释一下此事。2.characteristicn.特征；特性Kindnessisoneofhischaracteristics.adj.独特的Iheardmyfriend’scharacteristiclaugh.becharacteristicofsb./sth.是.....的特性Suchbluntnessischaracteristicofhim.如此迟钝是他的特性。3.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?putforward提出（建议等）；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨Heputforwardanewplan.他提出一个新计划。MayIputyournameforwardasapossiblechairmanofthecommittee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？[归纳拓展]putdown记下；镇压putout关掉；熄灭putaside放在一边；储存；保留putoff推迟；延期putup建造；举起；张贴puton穿上putaway收好选词填空（putoff,putup,putforward,putaside,putout）①Theplanthatyou_____atthemeetingiswonderful.②Manytallbuildingswere_____alongtheroad.③Firefightershavebeencalledto_____thefireinthecitycenter.④Hehasalittlemoneyto_____forarainyday.⑤Don’t_____untiltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.Part2.Pre-reading,readingandcomprehending1.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearchhowtoproveanewidea为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。Wehaven’tdecidedwheretogo.我们还没有决定去哪里。Thequestioniswhentoleave.问题是什么时候动身。2.drawaconclusion得出结论1）conclusion作名词，意为“结束，结论”cometo/reach/arriveataconclusion得出结论inconclusion最后2IwillinconclusionsayafewwordsaboutmyvisittoTokyo.最后，我对我的东京之行说几句。2）conclude作动词，“结束；断定；决定”。toconclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(=tosumup)Toconclude,Ithinksmokingdoesmoreharmthangoodtous.3）JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。3.expert①n.专家，能手anexpertinpsychology（心理学）anagriculturalexpert②adj.熟练的，有专门技术的anexpertjob需专门知识的工作Heisexpertin/atcooking.attendvt.&vi参加，注意，照料①bepresentat参加attendaceremony/lecture/ameeting②attendto(on):tolookafter,carefor,serve伺候,照顾，看护Thequeenhadagooddoctorattending（on）her.DrSmithattendedherinhospital.Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.③attendto处理，注意倾听Canyouattendtothematterimmediately?Imaybelate–Ihavegotoneortwothingstoattendto.4.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很振奋。(1)exposedtocholera在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为“患霍乱的”。如：ThebookwrittenbyLuxunisverypopular.鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯教授。(2)expose①暴露exposesb/sthtosthHeexposeshisskintothesun.他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。②揭露Heexposedtheirplot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋。Thecrimeofthecorruptofficialsmustbeexposedwithoutanyreserve.对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。exposedadj.暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的exposednessn.暴露，显露exposesth.tothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下exposeafraud揭穿骗局练习：Thedisc,digitally_____inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded5.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。neither...nor...既不……也不，连接句中两个相同成分。①Ineitherknewnorcaredwhathadhappenedtohim.我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。②NeitherFrancenorBritainwillattendthemeetingnextweek.法国和英国都将不会参加下星期的会议。③NeitherJimnorhisparentshaveseenthefilm.＝NeitherhisparentsnorJimhasseenthefilm.吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。curevt.治疗,治愈,改正n.治疗,治愈,治疗法3①curesb（ofsth）治好了某人（的...,...)Theonlywaytocurebackacheistorest.治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息。WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.Thatnastyshockcuredhimofhisinquisitivenessforever.那一沉重教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。Thisillnesscannotbecuredeasily.这种病不好治.②acureforsth.治疗…的方法;解决问题，改善困境Isthereacertaincureforcanceryet?癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法?Thepricesaregoingupeveryday,butthereisnocureforrisingprices.6.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。(1)本句为复合句，“Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied”为主句，everytime引导时间状语从句，意思是“每当……”。(2)有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：everytime，eachtime，thelasttime，nexttime，themoment，theminute，immediately，instantly等。①Everytime/EachtimeIexpressanopinion，shearguesback.每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。②Ifoundmyselfinanentirelynewworldthemoment/theminute/immediatelyIarrivedhere.我一到这里就感到耳目一新。③ThelasttimeIsawhim，hewasquitewell.我最后一次看到他时，他还相当健康。④Giveyourfathermybestregardsnexttimeyouseehim.下次你见到你父亲时，请代我向他致以最好的问候。[拓展延伸](1)forthefirsttime是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而thefirsttime是连词，引导时间状语从句。(2)Itisthefirsttimethat...如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面用was，则从句动词用过去完成时.(3)It’s(high)timethat...从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形。It’shightimewetookimmediateactiontopreventpollution.该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候了。7.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair,acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。suggestv.建议；暗示；表明suggest+doing/sth./thatsb.(should)dosth.Maysuggestedapicnicattheweekend.HesuggestedtousavisittotheGreatWall.HesuggestedusvisitingtheGreatWall.Isuggestedleavingearlyfortheairport.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)visittheGreatWall.Shesuggestedthatherfather(should)giveupsmoking.*suggest(暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatsheagreedwithme.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappy.8..Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。absorbvt.(1)专注，聚精会神4beabsorbedin＝putone’sheartinto集中精力做某事Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn’thearyourcall.我正专心看书，没听到你的电话。Absorbedinhiswork，Tomsimplyforgot