高三英语高考考前指导之书面表达

EnglishWritingWafangdianSeniorMiddleSchoolLengNatheTrendofEnglishwritingincollegeentranceexaminationAnalysesofsomeCommonMistakesinEnglishWritingMarkingcriterionWritingtipsContent历年高考书面表达题年份题型体裁2005图画式记叙文2006图画式记叙文2007提纲式应用文2008提纲式议论文2009提纲式应用文辽宁命题趋势虽然每年的书面表达都属于提示型写作，但越来越重视创造情景，由单纯汉语提示转向图表提示为主，汉语提示为辅。考生必须首先理解图画或表格的含义，然后才能开始组句成文。文体类型丰富，名人传记、活动记事、情况汇报、学校介绍、求职自荐、趣味故事等内容。文体呈多样化。题材内容丰富贴近生活。常见错误分析(括号中为正确的表达方式)1.单词拼写错误单词拼写错误率极高，许多考生甚至出现很低级的错误。比如:litter(little),perfer(prefer),intresting(interesting),famlies(families),chioce(choice),ourself(ourselves),stroy(story),agaist(against)等。2.词语搭配不当或用词不准确考生对常用短语、表达法掌握不够，出现不当搭配。比如:lookbook(readthebook),lookthefilm(seethefilm),Manypeoplecostmuchmoney(spendmuchmoney),prefertoseeingthefilm(prefertoseethefilm),spendusashorttime(takesusashorttime),afterreadthebook(afterreadingthebook),writeskill(writingskill)等。3.画蛇添足有些考生在全文结束时画蛇添足,加上一句错误的问句。比如:Areyouagree?/Sowhatdoyouchoice?4.汉语式英语在书面表达中所体现的中文式思维是极为普遍的现象。如：Seeingthefilmwillsavemuchtime./Seeingfilmsareconvenient.5.交白卷或抄与题材无关的段落经抽样发现，0分试卷约占3.9%左右，这些得0分的考生中，有的是只字未写，有的是虽有所写却未能传达给读者任何信息，而有的则是挑选阅读材料中的其中一段抄下来。6.书写潦草在阅卷中发现，有相当一部分考生的作文卷面不清，书写潦草，影响信息的传递。评分原则中有一条表明：若书写较差，影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。7.语言平乏，词汇档次欠高不少考生大脑记忆库词汇量储存不够，难以灵活运用语言，导致语言平乏，同一种表达重复较多。8.文章缺乏连贯性有些考生在词汇的运用和内容的表达上都基本达到要求，但由于句与句，段与段之间没有添加恰当的连接成分，使句子之间和段落之间缺乏必要的过渡和衔接，影响了表达的效果。9.死背范文部分考生死背范文，表达不灵活。例如，有些考生不管所给首句，文不对题地顾自另起一句：“I’mwritingtotellyouaboutthediscussionwerecentlyhadaboutwhether…”1.句子缺谓语Thebuildinglikeamatchbox.2.主谓不一致，尤其是单数第三人称作主语时，谓语的单复数形式出现错误。Aworkerofthefarmleadustothefield.CorrectionThebuildinglookslikeamatchbox.Aworkerofthefarmleadsustothefield.3.时态错误Whenhecameback,hefoundthathiswifehasgonetobed.4.词性混用Ifanyoneagainsttheplan,pleaseletmeknow.Whenhecameback,hefoundthathiswifehadgonetobed.Ifanyoneisagainsttheplan,pleaseletmeknow.5.介词误用Inmysurprise,hehasgotthefirstprize.6.冠词误用WeelectedLiHuathemonitoroftheClassFive.7.名词的数混淆ItisraretoseesuchaniceweatherinBeijing.Tomysurprise,hehasgotthefirstprize.WeelectedLiHuamonitoroftheClassFive.ItisraretoseesuchniceweatherinBeijing.8.动词用法错误Whereareyoucomefrom?9.习惯用法错误1)IandMyparentswereworkinginthefieldsatthattime.2)Thereasonisbecausehedoesnotknowwhattodonext.Wheredoyoucomefrom?MyparentsandIwereworkinginthefieldsatthattime.Thereasonisthathedoesnotknowwhattodonext.书面表达各档次的给分范围和要求第五档（21-25分）完全完成了试题规定的任务。准确、清楚地表达了短文的内容，要点无遗漏应用了较多的语法结构和词汇语法结构和词汇有少许错误，但为尽可能使用较复杂表达方式所致；具备较强的语言应用能力有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑完全达到了预期的写作目的。第四档（16-20分）完成了试题规定的任务。比较准确、清楚地表达了短文的内容应用语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求语法结构和词汇应用基本准确，少许错误主要是因为尝试较复杂语言结构或词汇所致应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑达到了预期的写作目的。第三档（11-15分）基本完成了试题规定的任务。能说出短文的基本内容，但逻辑关系较混乱，要点有遗漏，没有写自己的认识应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求有一些语法结构和词汇的错误，但不影响理解应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。第二档（6-10分）未恰当完成试题规定的任务。未能清楚地表达短文的内容，写了一些无关内容语法结构简单，词汇项目有限有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性信息未能清楚地传达给读者。Howcanwewriteagoodcomposition?1.Recitesomeusuallyappliedsentences2.Applygoodsentencepatterns3.Applygoodtransitionalwordsandphrases4.Applyadvancedwordsandphrases.5.Goodhandwriting6.Sixwritingsteps1.Recitesomeusuallyappliedsentences一.开头句型1).Asfaras...isconcerned2).Itgoeswithoutsayingthat...3).Itcanbesaidwithcertaintythat...4).Astheproverbsays，5).Ithastobenoticedthat...二.衔接句型•Acaseinpointis...•Asisoftenthecase...•Asisstatedinthepreviousparagraph如前段所述•Buttheproblemisnotsosimple.Therefore然而问题并非如此简单，所以……•Butit’sapitythat...三.结尾句型•Iwillconcludebysaying...•Therefore,wehavethereasontobelievethat...•Allthingsconsidered,总而言之•Itmaybesafelysaidthat...•Therefore,inmyopinion,it’smoreadvisable...四.举例句型•Let’stake...toillustratethis.试举例以兹证明•let’staketheabovechartasanexampletoillustratethis.•Hereisonemoreexample.•Take…forexample.•Thesameistrueof….五常用于引言段的句型•Somepeoplethinkthat….Tobefrank,Icannotagreewiththeiropinionforthereasonsbelow.•Foryears,…hasbeenseenas…,butthingsarequitedifferentnow.•Ibelievethetitlestatementisvalidbecause….•Icannotentirelyagreewiththeideathat….Ibelieve….Howcanwewriteagoodcomposition?1.Recitesomeusuallyappliedsentences2.Applygoodsentencepatterns3.Applygoodtransitionalwordsandphrases4.Applyadvancedwordsandphrases.5.Goodhandwriting6.Sixwritingsteps一改变时态例:Thebellisringingnow.一般Theregoesthebell.特殊二改变语态例:Peoplesuggestthattheconferencebeputoff.一般Itissuggestedthattheconferencebeputoff.特殊三使用不定式例:Heissokindthathecanhelpme.一般Heissokindastohelpme.特殊四使用过去分词例:Shewalkedoutofthelabandmanystudentsfollowedher.一般Followedbymanystudents,shewalkedoutofthelab.特殊.五使用现在分词例:Iftheweatherpermits,Iwillcometomorrow.一般Iwillcometomorrow,weatherpermitting..特殊六使用名词性从句1Hedidn’tturnup.Itdisappointedeverybody.一般Thefactthathedidn’tturnupdisappointedeverybody.特殊2.Tohissurprise,thelittlegirlknowssomanythings.一般Whatsurpriseshimisthatthelittlegirlknowssomanythings.特殊七使用定语从句例;Thegirlisspokenhighlyof.Hercompositionwaswellwritten.一般Thegirlwhosecompositionwaswellwrittenisspokenhighlyof.特殊八使用状语从句例：Iwon‘tbelievewhathesays.一般Nomatterwhathesays,Iwon‘tbelieve.特殊九使用虚拟语气例:Theshipdidn'tsinkwithallonboardbecausethereweretheeffortsofthecaptain.一般Butfortheeffortsofthecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunkwithallonboard.特殊十使