限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

非限制性定语从句引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词：①指代对象指代人主格who宾格whom所有格ofwhom,whose指代物主格which,as宾格which,as所有格which,ofwhich,whose②引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有：when，whereas,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句，,如都指前一句话的意思，二者可以互换。.as引导的从句可以放在句首，as本身有“正如„..正象„”一类的含义。与之连用的词有know，see，expect，announce，pointout等。此外，在thesame„as„，such„.as„.中as引导的是限制性定语从句。1.Theearthisround,_____weallknow.DA.thatB.whichC.whoD.as2.______wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.DA.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As3.Suchsigns_____weuseintheexperiment______Greekletters.AA.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is4.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,_____hedrankimmediately.CA.thatB.asC.whichD.who5.Sheisverygoodatdance,____everybodyknows.DA.thatB.whichC.whoD.as6.Itwasraining,_____wasapity.DA.whatB.thatC.thewhichD.which7.______hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.DA.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As8.Wedothesamework_____theydo.BA.whichB.asC.thanD.like限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别区别一：形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。区别二：功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)区别三：翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。I’veinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。区别四：含义不同Ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor.我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)Ihaveasister,whoisadoctor.我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)区别五：先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。如：Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drivetoofast)Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)Mr.Smith,whoisourboss,willleaveforJapannextweek.我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)Herfather,whohasalotofmoney,wisheshertostudyabroad.她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)区别六：关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom，但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。1.Thisisthegirlwho/whomImetinthestreet.2.Ayoungmanhadanewgirlfriend，whomhewantedtoimpress.先行词anewgirlfriend在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用who代替whom.Thisisthebook（which/that）helostyesterday.先行词thebook在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词which或that可以省略。Thebook,whichhelostyesterday,hasbeenfound.先行词thebook在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词which不可省。介词+关系代词当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。例如：Themanwho/whomyouspoketowasascientist.Themantowhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesinisfaraway.Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.●使用“介词＋关系代词”要注意以下几点：(一)选用介词的依据：(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。例如：YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangZhouisfamous.(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。例如：Theoldwomanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowisafamousartist.Whereisthesupermarketinwhichyouboughtthelaptoplastweek?(3)根据句子的意思来选择。例如：Thenaughtyboymadeaholeinthewallthroughwhichhecouldseewhatishappeningoutside.Helivesinalovelyvillage,atthebackofwhichisahill.Theyfinallyclimbedupthemountain,ontopofwhichmanystrangebirdswereseen.Lookatthephoto.ThisisMr.Green,infrontofwhomsitthree(4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。例如：Ihaveabout20books,halfofwhichwerewrittenbyBingXin,thefamouswriter.Hehasthreesisters,allofwhomareabroad.(二)在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如lookafter,lookfor,takecareof等。例如：Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy.(误)Isawthewatchthat/whichyouarelookingfor?Theoldman(who/whom/that)Iamlookingafterisbetter.Thenumberofthechildren(who/whom/that)shetakescareofis30.(三)关系代词whose+名词引导的定语从句可转化为the+名词+of+which/whom或of+which/whom+the+名词结构；of表所属关系。例如：Thebuildingwhoseroofwasdamagedintheearthquakehasbeenrepaired.=Thebuildingofwhichtheroofwasdamagedintheearthquakehasbeenrepaired.=Thebuildingtheroofofwhichwasdamagedintheearthquakehasbeenrepaired.Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsareallbroken.=Iliveinaroomofwhichthewindowsareallbroken.=Iliveinaroomthewindowsofwhichareallbroken.Thisismyteacherwhosehandwritingisexcellent.=Thisismyteacherthehandwritingofwhomisexcellent.=Thisismyteacherofwhomthehandwritingisexcellent.（四）不定代词+of+which/whom引导的定语从句可化为of+which/whom+不定代词结构；这也是高考常考点。其中用到的不定代词有some,any,none,both,all,many,afew,few,alittle,little,either,neither,one,等等。例如:Thereare40studentsinourclass,mostofwhom（=ofwhommost）likeEnglish.ThesearebookswrittenbyMarkTwain,oneofwhich（=ofwhichone）wasreadtomebymyfatherShehastwosons,neitherofwhom（=ofwhomneither）isateacher.Shehasmanybooks,noneofwhich(=ofwhichnone)isinteresting.介词+关系代词练习1.Iwillneverforgettheday__onwhich____westudiedtogether.2.Thatwasthepenwithwhichhewrotetheletter.3.Doyoulikethebookforwhichshepaid$10?4.Doyoulikethebookonwhichshespent$10?5.Thisistheheroofwhichweareproud.6.Therearethreethings__aboutwhich_____sheisnotsure.6.Myglasses,withoutwhichIcan’tsee,werelostyesterday.7.Maryhasthreesisters,theoldestofwhichisLily.“介词＋关系代词”与关系副词的转化1.Doyouknowthedate___Lincolnwasborn?（BC）A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.wherewhen作定从的时间状语，指时间,在从句中表示在...时间=in/on...+which先行词为时间名词2.Thefarm_____wepickedcottonwas90kilometersaway.(BD)A.whenB.whereC.whyD.