二十世纪美国联邦制的发展_以联邦与州的分权为视角

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(,100088):,2020,,20,,,,:;:DF2:A:100822506(2006)01200772071878,,,[1],,,,,,,,,,,,2020,20:1.1920,(1),,,,,,1885,77JOURNALOFGUANGDONGUNIVERSITYOFBUSINESSSTUDIESNumber1SumNo.84,Feb.2006:2005212220:(1946-),,,;(1976-),,,2004©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(U2nitedStatesv.E.G.KnightCo.)1897(InterstateCom2merceCommissionv.AlabamaMidlandRy.Co.),,,[2]369,1903,1903{Championv.Ames(Lotterycases)}1904(McCrayv.UnitedStates),,,,,,(2),1894,(Pollockv.FarmersLoanandTrustCo.),,,,191316,(3),,1911(WeeksAct)1916,,,1923(Massachusettsv.Mellon),,1921,,[3]114,,,2030,,,20,,21,1932,1936,48,[2]501,,523:8,,,,,,,,19374(NationalLaborRelationsBoardv.Jones&LaughlinSteelCorp.)(NationalLaborRelationsBoardv.Friedman-HarryMarksClothingCompany),,8720061(84)©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(UnitedStatesv.DarbyLumberCom2pany),,1942(Wickardv.Filburn),,,19375(StewardMachineCompanyv.Davis),,,,(Helveringv.Davis),,,,,,,,,19371947,,,,,3.,,,20,,,1955198017.6%,10.2%25.8%,,193919401987(SouthDakotav.Dole),,,60,60,,,(,);,,,,,[3]80,,,40,[4]20,104,,,,,(UnitedStatesv.Lopez,1995)(Gregoryv.Ashcroft)(NewYorkv.UnitedStates)(Printzv.UnitedStates)97JOURNALOFGUANGDONGUNIVERSITYOFBUSINESSSTUDIESNumber1SumNo.84,Feb.2006©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1)19411938,,,,,,,,,,1938(ElectricBondandShareCompanyv.Securi2tiesandExchangeCommission)1935,1944(PolishNationalAlliancev.N.L.R.B.)(UnitedStatesv.SoutheasternUnderwritersAssociation),1940(UnitedStatesv.AppalachianElectricPowerCo.)1941(Oklahomaexrel.Phillipsv.GuyF.AtkinsonCo.),,(KatzenbachvMc2Clung)1964(),,,,,[5]1970,[6]49-50,19951995(UnitedStatesv.Lopez),1990,90(Gregoryv.Ashcroft)(NewYorkv.UnitedStates)(Printzv.UnitedStates),,,(2)191316,,[7]371,1936(UnitedStatesv.Butler),1933,1937,:,,,,,(NationalLeagueofCitiesv.Usery)10(Garciav.SanMetropolitanTransitAauthority)0820061(84)©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[6]51(3)1936(UnitedStatesv.Butler),:,,,,,[7]357-3581937,,1935,,1947(Oklahomav.UnitedStates),:[6]52,,,,,[8],,[6]532.(1)20(Disantov.Pennsylvania),1970(Pikev.BruceChurch,Inc.):,,,,,,,[6]60,:,;,,1935(Baldwinv.G.A.F.Seelig,Inc.),,,,,1937(Ingelsv.Morf),15,,,7.5,[2]516,,,1954(SouthPacificCo.v.Arizona),,,(,),18JOURNALOFGUANGDONGUNIVERSITYOFBUSINESSSTUDIESNumber1SumNo.84,Feb.2006©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(Kasselv.ConsolidatedFreightwaysCorp.ofDelaware),,,[6]67,,1981(Minnesotav.CloverLeafCreameryCo.),,[6]66,,,,,,(2)1976(Hughesv.AlexandriaScrapCorp.),,,,,1984(South-CentralTimberDevelopmentInc.v.Wunnicke),,,,[9](3)19,1913(Webb-KenyonAct),1917(ClarkDistillingCo.v.WesternMarylandR.Co.),,1944(PolishNationalAlliancev.N.L.R.B.),,,(MaCarranActof1945),,,1946(PrudentialInsuranceCo.v.Benjamin),,,,,,2011,20,,,,,,21,,,,,,,,1851(Cooleyv.BoardofWardensofthePortofPhiladelphia,12Howard299),,2820061(84)©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,;41,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,[7]81:[1](),J.[M].,,,.:,1996.[2](),.[M].:,1959.[3]JOSEPHFZIMMERMAN.ContemporaryAmericanFederalism[M].LeicesterUniversityPress,1992.[4],.[M].:,1997:4482461.[5].200[M].:,2003.[6](),.[M].:,1995.[7](),,,.:()[M].4.:,2002.[8]DAVADEENGDAHL.ConstitutionalPowerFederalAndStateInANutshell[M].WestPublishingCo.,1974.[9].()[M].:,2000.()DevelopmentofAmericanFederalismintheTwentiethCenturyFromaperspectiveofthedivisionofpowerbetweenfederationandstateZENGEr2shu,HUANGYu2xin(ChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLaw,Beijing100088,China)Abstract:Fromaperspectiveofthedivisionbetweenthefederationandstate,thedevelopmentofAmericanfederalisminthetwentiethcenturycanbegroupedtothreestages.Astudyofthiscanleadtoaseriesoffindings:thereisanever2centralizingtendencyofAmeri2canfederalisminthe20thcentury;NewDealplaysacrucialroleinthedevelopmentoffederalism;withthegrowingofpowerinthefederationandtheincreasingvarietyofpowerexpandingmeans,thestatesarebecominganimportantcollaboratorandexecutorofthefederation.Keywords:federalism;ConstitutionofTheUnitedStates38JOURNALOFGUANGDONGUNIVERSITYOFBUSINESSSTUDIESNumber1SumNo.84,Feb.2006