年产12万吨甲醛工业设计

毕业设计i目录目录..................................................................i摘要：....................................................................IAbstract:................................................................II第一章概论...............................................................11.1甲醛的性质............................................................11.2甲醛的用途............................................................31.3我国甲醛工业的现状....................................................41.4我国甲醛工业的发展趋势................................................5第二章工艺流程介绍.......................................................62.1甲醇氧化制甲醛反应原理................................................62.2工艺流程..............................................................62.2.2.1反应器的结构与状态................................................82.2.2.2催化剂的性能和状态................................................82.2.2.3反应温度..........................................................82.2.2.4氧醇比............................................................82.2.2.5水醇比............................................................92.2.2.6停留时间和空间速度................................................92.2.2.7反应压力..........................................................92.2.2.8原料混合气的纯度将影响催化剂的活性与寿命..........................9第三章工艺计算..........................................................103.1物料衡算.............................................................103.2热量衡算.............................................................23第四章主要非定型设备的计算及选型........................................344.1蒸发器...............................................................344.2过热器...............................................................354.3氧化器...............................................................364.4吸收一塔.............................................................384.5吸收二塔.............................................................42毕业设计ii4.6主要非定型设备一览表.................................................464.7主要定型设备选型.....................................................46第五章主要工艺管道计算及选型............................................485.1主要工艺管道计算及选型...............................................485.2主要工艺管道汇总表...................................................52第六章安全措施与“三废”处理............................................536.1物料特性及安全防范措施...............................................536.2“三废”处理..........................................................54第七章甲醛市场分析与经济估算............................................567.1产品甲醛及原料甲醇市场价格分析.......................................567.2经济效益估算.........................................................57第八章总结与展望........................................................598.1总结.................................................................598.2展望.................................................................59致谢...................................................................60参考文献：...............................................................61毕业设计I年产12万吨甲醛生产工艺设计学生：吴芳（指导老师：周晶晶）（淮南师范学院化学与化工系）摘要：本设计为年产12万吨37%（wt）甲醛水溶液的生产工艺初步设计。并且绘制了带控制点的工艺管道及工艺流程图、氧化器装配图、装置平面图及装置立面图。本设计采用银催化法，根据设计要求对工艺流程进行了计算、选择与论证。本次设计主要分三个部分：物料衡算、热量衡算和设备计算。在物料衡算和热量衡算的基础上对主要设备和管道进行了设计及选型，同时对本装置的安全生产与“三废”治理作相关讨论，并进行了初步的甲醛市场前景分析与经济效益核算。关键词：甲醛；甲醇；氧化；工艺；电解银毕业设计IIThemanufacturingprocessofFormaldehyde120000tonsperyearStudent:WuFang(FacultyAdviser：ZhouJingJing)(ChemicalEngineeringandTechnology,HuainanNormalUniversity)Abstract:Thisdesignistheprimarydesignfortheannualoutputof120000tonsof37%(wt)aqueousformaldehydeproduction.Andthedesigneddiagramsinclude:thepipelineofthedeviceandprocessflowsheetwithcontrolledpoint,theassemblagechartoftheoxidizer,theplanefigureofthedeviceandthebluepointsofthefactory.Theformaldehydeisproducesbyslivercatalysismethodinthisdesign.Accordingtothedesignmainlyrequirementsoftechnologicalprocess,calculation,selectionanddemonstrationwereconducted.Thedesignmainlyconsistsofthreeparts:materialbalance,heatbalancecalculationandequipmentcalculation.Thedesignandselectionofthemainequipmentandpipelinewerecarriedoutonthebasisofthematerialbalancecalculationandtheheatbalancecalculation.Atthesametime,thesafelyproducingplanandtheplantodealwiththe“threewaste”wereargued,atlastthepreliminaryanalysisandevaluationofthemarketprospectandeconomicbenefitsofthemarkethadalsobeencarriedout.Keywords:Formaldehyde;Methanol;Oxidation;Technology；ElectrolysisSilver毕业设计1第一章概论1.1甲醛的性质1.1.1物理性质甲醛（formaldehyde）是无色、具有强烈气味的刺激气体，略重于空气，易溶于水，其35%～40%的水溶液通称福尔马林。甲醛是一种挥发性有机化合物，是室内环境的主要污染物之一，污染源多，污染浓度也较高。甲醛是一种原浆毒物，能与蛋白质结合。人吸入高浓度甲醛后，会出现呼吸道严重刺激、水肿、眼睛痛、头痛，也可发生支气管哮喘。皮肤直接接触甲醛，可引起皮炎、色斑、坏死。经常吸入少量的甲醛，能引起慢性中毒，出现粘膜充血、皮肤刺激症、过敏性皮炎、指甲角化和脆弱、甲床指端疼痛等。全身症状有头痛、乏力、胃纳差、心悸、失眠、体重减轻以及植物神经紊乱等。其物理性质部分数值如下表：表1-1甲醛的物理性质计量单位:见表项目数值密度(g/cm3)-80℃0.9151-20℃0.8153沸点(101.3kPa)/℃-19熔点℃-118汽化热(19℃)/(kJ/mol)23生成热(25℃)/(kJ/mol)-116标准自由能(25℃)/(kJ/mol)-109.7比热容J/(mol.k)35.2熵J/(mol.k)218.6燃烧热(kJ/mol)561～569临界温度℃137.2～141.2临界压力Mpa6.81～6.66空气中爆炸极限%7.0～73着火点℃430毕业设计21.1.2化学性质甲醛化学分子式：HCHO，分子量30.03，甲醛分子中含有醛基，具有典型的醛类的化学性质，同时又含有羰基碳原子和较为活泼的α-H原子，使甲醛的化学性质十分活泼，能