初中英语句子结构和句子成分讲解

Grammarsentences句子成份★句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subjectgroup）谓语部分（predicategroup）★句子成份：主·谓·宾·表补定·状·Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement主·宾·表宾补定·状·1)主语（subject）Ilikefootball.Theboyneedsapen.句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由担任,常置于句首。2)谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作或状态。由担任。常置于主语后。Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Iwantaticket.,动词不定式,动名词或从句名词,主格代词动词3)宾语（object）4)表语（predicative）Hewonthegame.Onthedesk表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.Heisastudent.用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词:2)表转变变化的动词:3)表延续的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等remain,keep,stay等。5)宾补（objectivecomplement）补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。Theymadehimking.‹›Iconsiderthebooktooexpensive.‹›6)定语（attributive）对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。Theblackbikeismine.()说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语我告诉他一些有趣的事情。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.说明2：不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。ThestudentsintheroomareinClassNine.7)状语（adverbial）用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（从句作时间状语)句子类型简单句并列句复合句Ⅰ.简单句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语‹›主+谓+宾+宾补Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.Practice‹›主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语主+谓+宾+宾补Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.andorbutsoHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句Ⅲ.复合句Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.状语从句分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1)时间状语从句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的关联词有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,assoonas,whenever等2)地点状语从句Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sitdownwhereveryoulike.常用的关联词有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因状语从句AsIdidn’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman常用的关联词有：because,as,since4)结果状语从句IwasinthebathsothatIdidn’thearthetelephone.常用的关联词有：so,so…that,such…that5)目的状语从句I’llshowyousoyouwillseehowit’sdone.常用的关联词有：so,sothat,inorderthat6)条件状语从句Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.常用的关联词有：if,unless,incasethat,onconditionthat…常用的关联词有：though,although,evenif,eventhough,7)让步状语从句ThoughI’mfondofmusic,Ican’tplayanyinstrument.常用的关联词有：as,asif,asthough,how常用的关联词有：so,sothat,asfaras,solongas8)方式状语从句Hedidjustasyoutoldhim.9)程度状语从句Solongasyouneedme,I’llstay.名词性从句1)主语从句*Whathesaidisnotknown.*Thatweshallbelateiscertain.*Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.*Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!2）表语从句*Thatiswhathewantstobuy.*Theproblemisthatwhowecangettoreplaceher?*Thereasonisthathehasliedtomeseveraltimes.3)宾语从句*Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified.*Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.*Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.4)同位语从句*WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldn’tcome?*Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.*Mothermadeapromisethatshewouldbuymeanewcoat.theideaThequestionapromise注意！*that与what都可以引导名词性从句。*what在从句中充当句子成份（主,宾,表）。*That在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。*that在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）.Thatiswhathewantstobuy.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Hesaid(that)hedidn’tlikeher.引导词that&whatGrammarsentences